First, the analysis of teachers' occupational stressors
The results of psychological research reveal that when people are under pressure, they will have a series of psychological and physiological reactions. To some extent, these reactions are the needs of the body to actively adapt to environmental changes. They can stimulate and play the potential of the body, enhance the body's resistance and disease resistance, and have practical significance. However, if the reaction is too strong or persistent, which exceeds the self-regulation and control ability of the body, it may lead to the disorder of psychological and physiological functions, which may lead to diseases. This factor that affects people's mental health and causes people's physical and mental diseases is called psychological stress every day. So it can also be said that under psychological pressure, individuals will have mental health problems. Physiologically, it can lead to dysfunction of autonomic nervous system, endocrine system and immune system, leading to many diseases. Common physical symptoms include palpitation, headache, neck tightness, insomnia, cranky thoughts, frequent chest tightness, numbness of hands and feet, and inattention. Psychologically, people will feel setbacks and inner conflicts, resulting in negative emotions such as worry, confusion, anxiety and anger, which will reduce people's self-evaluation and self-confidence, showing passivity and being at a loss. In psychology, the causes of psychological stress are called stressors. Therefore, to analyze the stressors that lead to teachers' psychological stress, we must first analyze the characteristics of teachers' profession.
(A) the particularity of teachers' profession
The teaching profession is a special profession, and this particularity is at least manifested in the following four aspects:
1. Non-selectivity of work objects
We are facing a group of growing teenagers who are psychologically unstable. So we must always be careful, for the purpose of protection, not to hurt students.
2. The task is highly complex.
A variety of roles are integrated: we are knowledge givers, surrogate parents, senior nannies, big housekeepers, psychological counselors ... so we are a group that easily feels "tired", so we should replenish our body and mind from time to time and balance our work and life.
3. Indirectness of job performance evaluation
It is difficult for us to see the results of our work at once. Our achievements are often several years, ten years or even decades behind, which may affect our enthusiasm for work and confidence in our career to some extent.
4. High self-development and responsibility pressure
We should constantly put forward positive requirements for ourselves in terms of professionalism and academics, personality cultivation and social relations, and invest more time and energy to ensure our professional quality and work output.
These particularities put forward higher requirements for teachers' own quality. Therefore, teachers' psychological adaptation is more difficult than other occupations, and their psychological pressure is relatively greater. Compared with employees in other occupations, teachers are more likely to suffer from mental diseases and psychosomatic diseases such as neurasthenia, mania, hypertension and gastrointestinal inflammation.
Teachers' occupational and mental health
Teachers' psychological problems are self-abased, jealous, narrow-minded and anxious. In a sense, teachers with unhealthy psychology do more harm to students' body and mind than their poor teaching ability does to students' studies, and will only "cultivate" students with psychological obstacles. Then, what are the main reasons for the formation of teachers' psychological barriers? Teachers' mental health problems are closely related to the profession itself.
1. The overall industry atmosphere of the education industry
The pressure from teachers comes from within the education industry, and "exam-oriented education" can be said to be the "initiator". On the one hand, in order to get good teaching results, teachers have been overworked for a long time. Who can keep a happy and detached attitude under heavy pressure? On the other hand, the society demands more and more teachers' teaching quality, especially parents' demands on teachers are almost harsh, and teachers dare not relax at all.
2. The job characteristics of teachers' profession
The characteristics of teachers' work easily lead to teachers' psychological problems. First, the relatively closed teaching environment makes teachers lack effective communication with the colorful world outside the family and school. Most of teachers' knowledge comes from textbooks, and it is difficult for them to cope with the colorful world, which greatly limits their horizons in life. When dealing with people in society, I am very bookish, lacking flexibility and communication skills. Compared with people in other industries, it is not surprising that teachers feel inferior. Second, teachers' work goals are not conducive to teachers' psychological maturity. Teachers and students work together, and many students are extremely immature psychologically, which also affects teachers. For example, students' willfulness and bad words and deeds often make teachers solve problems in extreme ways. For years, teachers have been dealing with words and numbers. Numbers and words, which are small in vision and delicate in feeling, have deeply influenced them. In life, some teachers are consciously or unconsciously influenced by this, but when they should be free and easy, they are haggling over every ounce.
3. The multi-role transformation and conflict of teachers' profession
In the process of education, teachers need to play multiple roles, and there will inevitably be conflicts between them: First, the conflict between role models and ordinary people. Being a teacher is the basic requirement of teachers. In front of students, teachers need to appear as role models, standardized and standardized images. However, teachers are not gods, but ordinary people. They have their joys and sorrows, sometimes they disagree with others, sometimes they are confused about work arrangements and even "standardized behavior". However, role consciousness and professional ethics force teachers to control themselves, be strict in self-discipline and not express their thoughts and feelings at will. In this way, teachers' spirit is often in a state of contradiction and tension. The second is the conflict between creativity and routine. On the one hand, if teachers want to guide teenagers to be positive, they must always maintain their youthful passion, and if they want to guide teenagers' exploration spirit, they must have innovative spirit; On the other hand, teachers' work is routine and repetitive. A class will be taught for a lifetime, a lesson plan will be done for decades, a book will be taught for several years, and a lesson plan will be taught several times ... This routine and repetitive work will inevitably lead to monotonous, boring, boring and depressed emotional experiences and moods. In life, we can often see this phenomenon. Young people have just stepped onto the podium, full of passion and freshness everywhere. After a few years, they have lost interest and "have a face of vicissitudes." The third is the conflict between work responsibility and self-realization. It is often said that teachers' work is like candles and silkworms, illuminating others and burning themselves. Moreover, the growth of students is not a day's work, and it is impossible to get immediate results. Teachers can't even see their own work. Plant trees for ten years and educate people for a hundred years. Because the growth of a student is not the result of the influence of someone, a course, a semester or a certain aspect. Which teacher dares to "be greedy for his own credit"? In this way, it is difficult for teachers to find themselves in their work and gain a sense of professional accomplishment. In the long run, some teachers will doubt the value of the teaching profession, and even worry that they will be buried because they cannot realize themselves in the teaching profession. Psychological contradictions and conflicts in teachers' profession are important reasons for teachers' mental health.
So how to overcome teachers' psychological barriers? After a long period of observation and reflection, I put forward the following suggestions.
Second, the adjustment of teachers' healthy psychology.
Teachers are known as engineers of human souls and people who spread sunshine, which shows that it is teachers' glorious duty to preach and teach and shape students' hearts. Teachers' healthy psychology is a necessary prerequisite for cultivating students' sound personality and all-round quality. Therefore, teachers should pay attention to the adjustment of healthy emotions in their work to ensure that they always carry out professional requirements with a positive and healthy attitude.
(A) pay attention to personality development, improve the business foundation
The overall goal of mental health education is to fully develop the personality of the educated. Therefore, as an educator, one must have complete personality qualities, including normal mental state, harmonious interpersonal relationship and good personality qualities. With the deepening of education reform, teachers are also facing pressure from family, society and work. The implementation of appointment system and two-way selection will put forward higher requirements for teachers' quality. Teachers' manners and manners play an educational role all the time. As the ancients said, "If you are regular, you will do it without orders, but if you are contrary, you will not follow." Here, the deep meaning of "body integrity" is "heart integrity". Good personality.
Perfecting business foundation is the basis of improving psychological quality. Teachers should also learn while teaching, learn from each other, and become mature through continuous improvement. At work, the gap is absolute. We should establish a diligent, open-minded and tenacious learning style, be neither arrogant nor impetuous, overcome all inertia, learn with an open mind and achieve something. We should also pay attention to perseverance, from the beginning to the end. At the same time, being too serious is easy to be biased, which makes students bound and lose their personality. We should be good at learning, broaden our knowledge, be versatile, learn from others and be open-minded. These are the categories of teachers' professional foundation, which constitute the basis of teachers' good psychological quality.
(2) Learn materialist dialectics well and cultivate scientific humanistic quality.
This topic seems to deviate from the idea of "mental health", but it is not. The principle of materialist dialectics can help us establish a scientific outlook on life. It insists that matter determines consciousness, and consciousness has initiative. Oppose metaphysics and fallacies that ignore objective reality and pay attention to development and change. Everything is a contradictory unity. We should proceed from reality, and external factors can promote things to get better through internal factors. These simple philosophies play an important role in the cultivation of psychological quality.
The nature of teachers' work is dedication, and its content and form are full of beauty and science. So after busy work, there are often some regrets or shortcomings. This is the breakthrough point to maintain mental health. If you ignore thinking and summing up and close yourself up and don't work hard, it's easy to bury unfamiliar things. This will affect future students and, more importantly, bring psychological trauma.
Follow the principle of materialist dialectics and correctly understand it from the objective reality. In fact, teaching itself is a contradictory process. As long as you are diligent and serious, you will gradually improve. At the same time, you should spend more time with students to understand their needs and ideals, that is, you should know yourself and find the entrance to your work. If we use scientific methods to constantly improve unreasonable ingredients, then we will certainly enjoy the sunshine of knowledge and art.
Teachers' scientific quality and humanistic quality include: ① understanding the latest scientific and technological achievements and the development prospect of this subject; (2) Understand the inner beauty of this subject knowledge and introduce it to students skillfully; ③ Understand and simply apply the knowledge of related disciplines to deduce or calculate; (4) Solid basic knowledge and extensive knowledge; ⑤ Know how to appreciate art or have a good scientific and psychological quality to lay the foundation. Now, we should also prevent the invasion of pseudoscience.
(3) Actively adjust mental health.
The so-called mental health refers to the development of a person's mental state to the best within the scope of not contradicting others' mental health physically, intellectually and emotionally. Relevant experts summed it up in three aspects: normal mental state; Harmonious interpersonal relationship; Perfect social adaptability.
Teachers' mental health has a good influence on students and helps to create a good psychological growth environment for students; Help to coordinate the relationship between teachers and students; Help learn to be a teacher; It is helpful to improve work efficiency and reflect its own value. Several problems in the adjustment of teachers' health psychology.
1. Understand your psychological problems correctly.
The role of a teacher has been given a specific meaning in society, such as carefully cultivating students' "gardeners" and burning their own "candles" to illuminate others. Teachers must identify with it subjectively and try their best to adapt to these requirements in order to fundamentally alleviate the psychological conflict of the role. "Smiling into the classroom" can not only coordinate the relationship between teachers and students, adjust the psychological state of both teachers and students, but also keep both sides relaxed. It is precisely because teachers are psychologically "open" professions that the probability of failure and fault is particularly high. No one is perfect, everyone makes mistakes and everyone fails. The key is to see how to recognize and treat your own failure. If we can learn from failure and sum up experience, failure is the mother of success, which can reduce the source of stress and anxiety and is more conducive to our mental health. In fact, it is precisely because a person can accept these failures and sum up experience from them that he has such great psychological energy to face them bravely.
2. Evaluate yourself positively.
As a teacher, we should also have a process of self-improvement and perfection. Besides, anyone will encounter setbacks. The key is whether you can correctly understand your own psychology, objectively evaluate yourself, find out the problems, and be good at learning, and constantly improve your theoretical level and psychological quality. Celebrities say: Any change is progress. To make some scientific adjustments, either the method is improper, the foundation is not enough, or the object of work is not understood. In short, we should be good at mental fitness, and a correct understanding of our own psychology means success.
3. Accept yourself and keep a good mood.
Teachers often encounter demonstration tasks such as lectures, open classes or research classes. This caused some tension. In fact, we should think that we are not worse than others. It is necessary to establish psychological advantages, actively prepare and seriously explore the laws of education and teaching. Especially, how to highlight students' dominant position and accept advanced teaching methods will surely lead us to the forefront of education and teaching.
Third, maintain teachers' mental health.
Teachers are a profession with mental and physical overload, and teachers easily feel tired, tired and exhausted. Therefore, it is very meaningful to maintain teachers' mental health and make teachers' mood in a relaxed and happy state.
To maintain teachers' mental health, we must first understand and meet teachers' needs. The survey of teachers' needs conducted by Professor Fan Fumin shows that teachers have a strong demand for self-realization, mainly in professional training and knowledge expansion, which is directly related to the professionalization and development of teachers' profession. Secondly, there is a strong demand for cultural and sports life and healthy body. This is mainly because teachers have less spare time and leisure time, monotonous leisure life and poor health.
(a) as the school education administration.
School is the main place for teachers to work and live, and teachers' mental health is directly related to the school environment and leadership management. To this end, school leaders should do the following work:
1. Carry out mental health education and build a mental health consultation model for teachers.
In addition to offering mental health classes, schools should also be equipped with psychological teachers to provide guidance and help for teachers' mental health. For example, the establishment of psychological counseling room, the establishment of teachers' psychological files, to provide teachers with specialized psychological counseling services; Implement the system of regular examination of teachers' health psychology to find and solve teachers' psychological problems in time; Strengthen the research on mental health education, focus on the key issues, difficult issues and vague issues of teachers' mental health, conduct research at different levels, research, explore, summarize and improve, and promote the in-depth development of school mental health education; Implement psychological training, aiming at individual teachers with psychological problems and obstacles, correct bad psychology and behavior through training, and improve psychological quality. Construct an all-round and multi-angle psychological counseling model for teachers, and give teachers a space and feeling in which the spiritual world is valued.
2. Popularize mental health knowledge and enhance teachers' mental health awareness.
Nowadays, many teachers don't understand the knowledge of mental health, and even if they have some emotional troubles, it is difficult to realize that they are psychological problems. Some leaders and teachers also treat psychological problems as moral problems and ideological problems. As a result, they often cannot solve the problems fundamentally because they have not found the essence and root of the problems. If teachers know the knowledge of mental health, they can have psychological counseling on their own, or turn to psychological counseling teachers or psychologists, so as to avoid physical and mental harm caused by psychological problems not being solved in time. Therefore, schools can organize regular lectures on mental health, spread common sense of mental health through campus radio and campus network, and use school bulletin boards, blackboard newspapers and window displays to make teachers realize the importance of mental health and enhance their awareness of mental health care.
3. Improve the way of leadership and management to create a pleasant working environment for teachers.
The leadership style and management style of school administrators affect teachers' mental health. Research shows that teachers are easy to exert their enthusiasm in a democratic and friendly leadership atmosphere. On the contrary, it is easy to produce negative emotions such as depression and depression in an authoritarian atmosphere. Therefore, school leaders should improve their leadership style, implement humanized management, communicate with teachers equally, understand teachers' psychological needs, meet teachers' reasonable needs, listen to teachers' voices, absorb teachers' opinions and suggestions, and create a relaxed, democratic and harmonious working atmosphere so that teachers can work with peace of mind.
4. Reduce the burden of schoolwork and let teachers feel the joy of education.
Reducing the burden of schoolwork is not only the requirement of students, but also the desire of teachers. Long-term overwork has caused many teachers to break down from constant overwork, and their psychological space has been severely squeezed and distorted, making it impossible for them to work normally, let alone creatively. Therefore, school leaders should correct their school-running ideas, take effective measures to reduce teachers' workload and ideological pressure, guide teachers to work happily and experience the fun of education, thus generating work motivation. School leaders must: ① arrange school work reasonably, allocate teachers' time for preparing lessons, studying and resting reasonably, reduce purely formalistic meetings, reduce class size and meaningless evaluation; (2) Implementing "flexible" management for teachers, giving them time to think and study independently; (3) Build a display platform for teachers, help them to succeed, satisfy teachers' desire for achievement, let teachers find pleasure in their work, and regard heavy tasks as a happy thing.
(B) the social level to give a relaxed space for public opinion
Here, I appeal to the society to give teachers a relaxed working atmosphere, and don't always take the enrollment rate and the admission rate of famous schools as the only yardstick to measure teachers; Call on the media to do more positive reports, reduce one-sided and individual negative reports, so that parents and students can treat teachers with a normal heart. At the same time, it is suggested that education administrative departments and school administrators should not give or rank teachers in teacher evaluation. Schools should strengthen the construction of team spirit, create relaxed and harmonious interpersonal relationships, provide opportunities for teachers to develop and learn, and improve teachers' ability to resist setbacks and self-adjust.
(3) Teachers should strengthen their self-cultivation and learn to control their emotions.
Teachers should strengthen their self-cultivation, learn to be tolerant and kind to students, leaders and peers, and be more tolerant and kind to themselves. You can change your mind when you encounter setbacks. You should learn to use your brain scientifically and control your emotions. In particular, we should learn some positive stress coping styles. Such as rational emotional therapy, attention shift, reasonable venting, music relaxation, muscle relaxation, suggestion therapy and coping strategies such as sublimation, compensation and rationalization.
Have fun at work. Seeing the bright spots on students makes them laugh every day. There is a saying that I think is very good. "Our troubles stem not from our experiences, but from our view of the world. Maybe we changed our minds, and this experience no longer made us so sad.
If the whole society pays attention to teachers' mental health, it will be promising to build a high-level and high-quality teacher team.