Children's mental health knowledge 1. What are the most common mental health problems of children?
First, organize various forms of games in which children learn and grow.
It can be said that the promotion of games to children's psychological growth is all-round. Through various forms of games, children's coordination ability, cognitive ability, emotional expression and control ability and personality have been well exercised.
Second, encourage children to communicate with their peers. Communication between children and adults cannot replace communication between children and their peers. By interacting with peers, you can learn a lot that you can't learn from adults.
Especially for some shrinking and shy children, it is important to create good conditions, encourage them to play games with their peers, and teach them how to communicate with others better, how to properly express and control their emotions, and how to deal with inner anxiety and conflicts, which will play an important role in cultivating children's good personality characteristics. Third, cultivate good habits and behaviors. Children have great plasticity. At this stage, we should pay attention to cultivating their good habits and behaviors.
For example, let them learn to dress themselves, organize toys, pay attention to food hygiene, don't eat snacks, be polite to people and not be selfish. Fourth, cultivate their independence. Parents should be patient in cultivating their children's independence. Don't take the place of children to do what they should do just because they are not doing well or doting on them.
In addition, when educating children, parents should have the same goal and evaluation to avoid children's different reactions to their behaviors because of bad mood or other reasons. A behavior will be encouraged and opposed for a while, and children will feel confused and don't know what to do.
2. What are the four foundations of children's mental health education?
Mental health education is an educational activity around mental health.
According to the Psychological Dictionary, the main contents of mental health education are: popularizing the basic knowledge of mental health, establishing mental health awareness, understanding simple psychological adjustment methods, understanding psychological abnormalities, and initially mastering the common sense of mental health care. Mental health education focuses on learning, interpersonal communication, entering a higher school and choosing a job, and adapting to life and social knowledge.
Mental health education requires basing on education, paying attention to guidance, following the law of physical and mental development, and ensuring practicality and effectiveness; According to the characteristics of students' psychological development, we should adhere to the educational principles of facing all students, paying attention to individual differences and respecting students, and combine science with pertinence, individuality with individuality, respect, understanding, sincerity with dignity, prevention, correction and development, counseling with active participation, and helping others with self-help.
3. What problems should be paid attention to in children's mental health education?
After long-term research, psychologists believe that childhood is the golden age to cultivate healthy psychology, and all kinds of habits and behavior patterns are laid at this time. If there is a good start, children's morality and intelligence will develop healthily in the future. If the child's mental health is neglected at this time, it will be more difficult or even impossible to hope that the child will have a sound personality and healthy psychology when he grows up. Therefore, parents should attach great importance to cultivating children's normal psychological principles. So what should young parents pay attention to?
1) Don't care too much about children: caring too much makes children too self-centered and thinks that everyone should respect him, and as a result, they become arrogant people.
2) Don't bribe children: Let children know the relationship between rights and obligations from an early age, and they can't enjoy rights without fulfilling their obligations.
3) Don't get too close to children: Children should be encouraged to live, study and play with people of the same age, so as to learn how to get along with others.
4) Don't force children to do things they can't do: children's self-confidence mostly comes from success. Forcing them to do what they can't do will only hurt their self-confidence.
5) Don't be too strict, demanding or even beating and scolding children: Beating and scolding will make children have unhealthy psychology such as timidity and evasion, and even lead to abnormal behaviors such as resistance, cruelty, lying and running away from home.
6) Don't cheat and unnecessarily intimidate children: scaring children will lose the authority of parents in their children's minds, and children will not listen to all warnings in the future.
7) Don't criticize children in public: Don't criticize or laugh at children in public in front of friends, which will make children feel disgusted and shy and greatly damage their self-esteem.
8) Don't praise your child too much: If your child has achieved something, give him some praise. Too much praise will make children infected with the bad psychology of fishing for fame.
9) Don't get emotional with your child: This will make your child sensitive and suspicious, emotionally unstable and timid.
10) help children analyze their own environment: help children solve difficulties, not replace them. Children should be taught to analyze and solve problems.
Of course, in order to cultivate children's mental health, we should not only give them a good education, but every parent should set a good example for them.
4. What mental health requirements should be paid attention to in early childhood education activities?
Their psychological state, psychological quality, adaptability and interpersonal relationship will be reflected in various educational activities, and some psychological obstacles and symptomatic behaviors will often be revealed in the natural state of educational activities, which will not only enable teachers to grasp children's mental health more broadly and truly, but also help to take preventive measures in time to improve children's mental health level.
Therefore, it can be said that various educational activities are the most important position for kindergarten mental health work. In order to better promote the healthy development of children's psychology, in addition to some special mental health education activities and psychological counseling, more attention should be paid to the mental health work in various educational activities in kindergartens. So, what mental health requirements should be paid attention to in kindergarten education activities? We believe that we should pay attention to the following mental health requirements in kindergarten education activities: First, teachers should drive children's emotions to develop in a positive direction with positive emotions. Because children are young, they are very vulnerable to emotional development, that is, their own emotions are easily affected by others' emotions.
In our investigation, we found that in all kinds of educational activities in kindergartens, some teachers' classes are always boring, while others are very active; Further investigation shows that the mainstream psychological atmosphere of the above-mentioned classes is closely related to the mainstream mood of the class teacher: it is difficult for an extremely dull, melancholy and neurotic teacher to bring out a class with active psychological mainstream atmosphere; Teachers in classes with active psychological mainstream atmosphere are lively, cheerful and positive teachers. Therefore, in order to have a positive influence on children, our kindergarten teachers, whether you are extroverted or introverted, should first adjust their emotions before organizing children's activities, especially when we encounter unsatisfactory things in our work and life, and strive to drive and infect children with positive emotions when organizing children's activities, thus promoting their mental health development.
Second, try to avoid the negative impact of the "fly in the ointment" in one's personality on children's mental health development. At present, most teachers in kindergartens are women, and women have many advantages and disadvantages in personality. As far as the educational influence of health is concerned, the average female teacher should be more decisive, brave, determined and energetic in her educational activities.
Because as a teacher, his personality itself is also an educational influence and strength, which plays a role all the time. Practice has proved that some of our teachers' psychology (whether healthy or unhealthy) can be "infected" to children. For example, a teacher opened the pedal organ and suddenly found a little mouse in it. She was frightened and let out a scream. Later, the mouse ran out, and all the children were frightened when they saw the mouse. Later, all the children ran away from the mouse in a panic like teachers, and even several children fell down together.
On the contrary, if our teacher can calmly and courageously pick up the broom when he sees the mouse, then many children will chase the mouse like teachers. It can be seen that our teacher's mental health has a great influence on children's psychological development.
Therefore, we teachers should constantly strive to improve their personality, thus giving children a healthy influence. Third, create a relaxed, happy and harmonious psychological environment for children. Such an environment should be an environment full of love, mutual respect and concern, an environment that allows failure and mistakes.
Because children are inexperienced and have limited abilities, failures and mistakes are inevitable (on the other hand, failures and mistakes are also necessary conditions for children to grow up). If children are not allowed to fail and make mistakes, they will live in an invisible pressure, which will not be conducive to their mental health. At the same time, such an environment should be free from any external pressure, which is also very important for children's mental health.
I went to a kindergarten for investigation, and a director once praised them as "how good" an "excellent teacher" was in organizing and managing children. She said that no matter how messy the class is, as long as "excellent teachers" clean up, she will soon be able to "contain" the children. As long as she stands at the door of the classroom, the children will. I sincerely hope that there will be fewer such "excellent teachers" in our preschool education circle, because such "excellent teachers" will give children an invisible psychological pressure, which will often make them in a state of repressed tension, which is very unfavorable to their mental health. Fourth, the correct use of evaluation as an educational means to promote children's mental health development (1) More positive evaluation can produce the expected effect in education.
Children's self-evaluation is mainly influenced by adults' evaluation. Teachers often give positive comments to children in various educational activities, which is conducive to their formation of good self-awareness and positive psychology, and to their healthy growth. On the contrary, children often get negative comments (such as calling them idiots). Over time, children also feel that they can't (idiot).
(B) more vertical evaluation, less horizontal evaluation. As long as we observe carefully, we will find that every child makes new progress every day. When evaluating children, it is necessary to affirm their daily progress, which is conducive to their continuous progress; On the contrary, if we only pay attention to horizontal evaluation and often compare "backward" children with "advanced" children, then "backward" children will never have a chance to be praised, which is very unfavorable to their mental health.
For example, there is a middle-class child named Huang Xiaoyong, who is good in all aspects, but not good at racquet. On the first day of our kindergarten internship, we asked him to shoot, but he just didn't dare to shoot because he didn't shoot well.
The next day, with our encouragement, he finally took eight pictures in a row. Just as we were happy for his progress, a teacher from the original class came to tell him.