Personal homework
abstract
With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, indoor environmental pollution caused by home improvement, furniture and daily necessities is becoming more and more serious. The quality of indoor environment affects our quality of life and health all the time. Therefore, it is particularly important to find out the sources of these pollutants in the building environment, their temporal and spatial concentration distribution in the room, and the countermeasures we can take. This paper mainly introduces pollutants, sources of pollutants, temporal and spatial distribution of representative indoor pollutants in tabular form, and puts forward countermeasures that can be considered.
Keywords:: Countermeasures for Source Concentration of Pollutants in Building Environment
Building environmental pollution is mainly indoor air pollutants. Indoor air pollution refers to the phenomenon that various chemical, physical and biological pollutants gather and spread indoors, which reduces indoor air quality and harms human life, work and health.
The pollutants in the building environment are complex, mainly including suspended particles and harmful gases. See table 1 for common indoor air pollutants:
Is making pollution. Building materials are the general name of all kinds of materials and their products used in building engineering and decoration engineering, and are divided into basic building materials and decoration materials according to their properties and uses. Construction equipment refers to the equipment installed in buildings, which provides convenience, comfort and safety for people to live, live and work, such as heating, ventilation and air conditioning equipment, water supply and drainage equipment, etc. The process of building energy use refers to the process of building energy use. Pollutants in all aspects of the building environment are shown in Table 2:
Table 2 Sources of pollutants
Pollutants generated by the project
Building materials and equipment aldehydes (HCHO), benzene (C6H6), toluene (C7H8), xylene (C8H 10), volatile organic compounds.
Volatile organic compounds, ammonia (NH3), radioactive radon (Rn), asbestos and heavy metals are less.
Quantity of suspended particles
The process of building energy consumption is CO 1, CO2, inorganic dust particles, dust, bacteria and so on.
Free formaldehyde in toxic solvents, such as adhesives and paints for building furniture, electrical appliances and wood-based panels; Urushiol; Adhesive manufacturing
Benzene pollution
Smoking nicotine, carbon monoxide, cyanide, and cigarette tar are all carcinogens with the same radioactivity.
Pheromone and heavy metal elements, etc.
other
In the living room, building materials are the main source of pollution, and unqualified building materials have been producing pollution from the very beginning to the use process. The five pollutants controlled in the national standard Code for Indoor Environmental Pollution Control of Civil Building Engineering (G-50325-20 10) mostly come from building materials (see Table 3):
Table 3 Typical pollutants of five major pollution sources
formaldehyde
benzene
Radon comes from artificial boards such as particleboard and plywood, adhesives and wallpaper; Decorative materials such as carpets; Incomplete combustion of fuel; Building materials daily chemicals: adhesives, additives, diluents and solvents for glue, paint and coatings. Mud, brick sand, marble, tiles and other building materials; Housing foundation soil; Outdoor air; Water supply and
Natural gas for heating and kitchen equipment
Additives such as concrete antifreeze, fire retardant, etc.
Indoor building and decoration materials ammonia TVOC (volatility
Organic compounds)
As for the temporal and spatial distribution of specific pollutants, the distribution of pollutants varies from building to building. Taking residential buildings as an example, the measured indoor air pollutant concentrations are shown in Table 4: Table 4 Temporal and spatial distribution concentration of indoor air pollutants.
Remarks on average concentration of pollutant name unit
ozone
formaldehyde
benzene
Inhalable particles
Total volatile organic compounds
Total number of bacteria mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 cfu/m3 hour 0. 12 hour 0.059 (winter)12 (summer) hour 0.42~0.56 (newly renovated office) 0.10.60 days 250 days.
The concentration of the same pollutant is also different indoors and outdoors. Such as formaldehyde, indoor concentration can reach 2~ 1 1 times of outdoor concentration. A large number of pollutants are more likely to accumulate in closed rooms, and the interaction of primary pollutants will produce new pollution. Therefore, people pay more and more attention to indoor air quality.
Indoor air quality not only affects people's work efficiency, but also affects people's comfort and health. Such as formaldehyde, is the main carcinogen; The toxicity of benzene after producing some metabolites in the metabolic process will lead to human poisoning and affect reproductive development ability; Inhalable particles can promote respiratory diseases. Therefore, it is particularly important to take certain preventive and control measures.
Specific measures: First, control pollution sources. Avoiding or reducing the use of polluting materials is the most fundamental way to control indoor air pollution. This requires builders to stop using urea-formaldehyde foam plastics that produce asbestos powder and formaldehyde as much as possible when building or rebuilding buildings; Adopt correct construction technology; Increase the area of green space to prevent dust. For the people: choose green building materials (decoration materials, furniture materials, etc.) when purchasing building materials. ); For the existing pollution sources, after understanding the characteristics, take corresponding measures such as moving out of the room, sealing or isolating (removing moldy furniture and covering plywood with formaldehyde absorbent). For bacteria, the propagation channels of bacteria are blocked (clean air duct, humidification and dehumidification device, fan coil unit, fresh air filter, return air filter).
Secondly, pay attention to the maintenance in the process of building use, and often ventilate. On the one hand, maintaining a good ventilation environment is conducive to eliminating indoor high temperature and dirty air; On the other hand, it is helpful to release toxic and harmful gases in decoration materials as soon as possible. For formaldehyde, its concentration is inversely proportional to the number of air changes. It is the simplest and most effective method to replace indoor dirty air with outdoor fresh air.
Finally, when pollution source control and ventilation still can't clean up the pollutants in the building environment, according to the different pollution degrees and aspects indicated by the test results, certain remedial purification measures are taken, such as adopting various air purification technologies, such as ultraviolet disinfection and planting plants, to reduce the indoor air pollutant concentration as much as possible.
Conclusion: Human beings have created architecture, and the architectural environment constantly reacts on people themselves. Building environmental pollution is not inevitable. Mastering the pollutants in the building environment, planning rationally and taking effective measures can ensure the quality of our building environment as much as possible, thus giving people a sense of security and stability at home.
References:
[1] Wang Meng of Sun Yong. Air environment technology and examples in green building. 38660.68868888666
[2] Yao Yunxian. Indoor environmental pollution control. 2007
[3] Guangsheng Song, Wang Yuqun. Indoor environmental pollution control and treatment technology. 20 1 1
Jia, gu, Analysis on the main sources of indoor air pollution and its prevention and control countermeasures. 58660.8886888866 1