1.x- ray
X-ray is a common imaging method for diagnosing lung cancer and other bone and soft tissue tumors. More common, such as mammography (mammography) is used to detect the possibility of breast cancer.
roentgen ray
2.CT scanning
CT scanning is a three-dimensional imaging technology, which can detect pathological tissues that cannot be detected by X-rays, and can help detect many cancers, including lung cancer, liver cancer and pancreatic cancer.
CT scanning
3. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Magnetic resonance imaging uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create images, which can help diagnose brain cancer and breast cancer.
nuclear magnetic resonance
4. Ultrasonic examination
Ultrasound examination is a painless and non-radiation examination method, which is widely used in daily examination, and is often used to check breast cancer (breast MRI), ovarian cancer and so on.
ultrasonic examination
Step 5: Microscopic examination.
Microscopy is a method of inserting medical equipment into the body to observe internal organs. For example, gastroscopy can check gastric cancer, colonoscopy can check colon cancer and bronchoscopy can check lung cancer.
Gastroscope schematic diagram
6. Blood test
The corresponding tumor markers can be found by blood test, and then the cancer can be diagnosed by further examination. For example, prostate cancer can be detected by blood test of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and then combined with digital rectal examination (DRE).
7. palpation
Palpation is usually a basic examination, which can give an early warning of some possible abnormalities, such as breast examination finding a hard mass, which may be a nodule or breast cancer; Internal examination of anus and rectum found a protrusion, which may be a polyp or a bowel cancer.
biopsy
Biopsy is a method of pathological examination by sampling suspected cancer tissue, which can determine whether there are cancer cells. It is the final judgment basis to determine whether the organization is sick. For example, endometrial cancer needs curettage to take endometrial tissue for testing; Cervical cancer can usually be examined by cervical smear (cervical cytology); Lung cancer generally requires biopsy under CT guidance, taking appropriate tumor tissue and fixing it in formalin for pathological examination.
Combined with the above cancer detection methods, ordinary physical examination usually cannot detect all cancers, because many cancers have no obvious symptoms in the early stage. However, some cancer-related indicators can be found through physical examination, such as tumor markers in the blood. If abnormalities are found, the doctor may suggest further examination to determine whether there is cancer. Therefore, even if there are no obvious symptoms, regular physical examination is still very important, especially if you have any cancer symptoms or family history, please consult your doctor for a more comprehensive examination.
Therefore, for personal health, it is necessary to do as much as possible:
1. Regular physical examination every year, covering at least routine examination.
2. If any abnormality is found in the physical examination, go to the hospital for reexamination in time.
3. Keep a good attitude, get enough sleep, have reasonable and comprehensive nutrition and exercise moderately.