The four vital signs include respiration, body temperature, pulse and blood pressure. They are the pillars to maintain the normal activities of the body and are indispensable. No matter what kind of abnormality will lead to serious or fatal diseases, at the same time, some diseases will also lead to the change or deterioration of this vital sign. Therefore, how to judge their normality and abnormality has become the necessary knowledge and technology for everyone. At the same time, in some cases, their gradual normalization also represents the improvement of the disease, which means turning from crisis to safety. For example, when the heart stops beating, there are symptoms such as loss of consciousness and blood pressure, which means turning from safety to safety; After the rescue, the heartbeat gradually returned to normal, indicating that the dangerous period turned to safety. In short, emergency personnel carefully observe the four vital signs and make a correct judgment, which is conducive to discovering the safety of the disease and taking targeted rescue measures. A large number of experimental studies and clinical confirmation show that after the heartbeat stops due to various injury factors, breathing stops and brain tissue is irreversibly damaged. The heartbeat stops for 3 seconds and dizziness occurs; /kloc-syncope occurs within 0/0-20 seconds, and blood pressure drops; Seizure within 40 seconds, no pulse; After 60 seconds, breathing stops, incontinence, hypothermia, and even life ends. It can be seen that under normal circumstances, the four vital signs of breathing, pulse, body temperature and blood pressure coordinate with each other to maintain normal physiological activities and life. In the case of abnormal human body, it will interact with each other, and then there will be dangerous syndrome, even life-threatening. Therefore, breathing, body temperature, pulse and blood pressure are the pillars and foundations of life.
Under physiological conditions, the body temperature will fluctuate to a certain extent. The body temperature is slightly lower in the morning and slightly higher in the afternoon, and the fluctuation range within 24 hours generally does not exceed 65438 0℃; The body temperature is slightly higher after exercise or eating; The body temperature of the elderly is slightly lower; Women have a slightly higher body temperature before menstruation or during pregnancy.
(3) Matters needing attention in temperature measurement
① Before measurement, the mercury column of the thermometer should drop below 36℃, otherwise the measurement result will be higher than the actual body temperature.
② When measuring under the armpit, the thermometer must be clamped with the upper arm, otherwise the measurement result will be lower than the actual body temperature.
(3) check whether there are hot and cold items or stimulation locally, such as gargling with warm water, placing ice packs or hot water bottles locally, etc. These factors will affect the measurement results.