Soybean peptide is a "substance composed of several amino acid molecules", which is a "super amino acid" decomposed from soybean protein, and its molecular weight is between protein and amino acid.
Soybean peptide is rich in many kinds of amino acids, including 9 essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized by human body.
When protein in food passes through the digestive tract, it is decomposed into amino acids by digestive enzymes and then absorbed by the small intestine. But not all protein is decomposed into amino acids, and some are decomposed into several amino acid molecules, which are first absorbed directly by the human body. This "substance composed of several amino acid molecules" is a peptide. The peptide produced by enzymatic hydrolysis or fermentation of soybean protein is soybean peptide.
Biological activity and nutritional value of soybean peptide
(1) is easy to digest and absorb. It used to be thought that protein ingested from food was hydrolyzed by various proteases in the stomach and small intestine, and eventually became various amino acids and was absorbed. In fact, about 70% of protein is decomposed into small peptides after entering the human digestive system, which can be directly and quickly absorbed by the human body without digestion, and only about 30% is decomposed into amino acids and then absorbed by the human body. Scientific experiments have proved that the direct absorption speed and absorption capacity of oligopeptide composed of 2-3 amino acids are much faster and larger than that of single amino acid. The absorption test was carried out with soybean protein, soybean peptide and amino acids with the same composition. The results showed that soybean peptide absorbed the fastest, and these digestible and easily absorbed oligopeptides could still effectively utilize, maintain and improve the nutritional status of protein under special physical conditions.
(2) lowering blood pressure. Many studies and clinical trials show that angiotensin-exchange enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have a certain effect on essential hypertension. Four peptides that can block ACE activity can be isolated from soy protein isolate. Therefore, soybean peptide has a certain effect on maintaining normal blood pressure and preventing blood pressure from rising, and it is derived from food protein, with high safety and no side effects.
(3) lowering cholesterol. There are two reasons why soybean peptides have cholesterol-lowering function: First, soybean peptides directly hinder the absorption of high cholesterol and bile acids, promote fecal excretion and reduce serum cholesterol concentration. Second, the indirect effect of soybean peptide can improve the activity of low-density lipoprotein in the liver. Low-density lipoprotein plays an important role in regulating the concentration of high cholesterol, and can combine with intestinal sterols, so that sterols can no longer be absorbed and can be quickly excreted from the intestine, which reduces the concentration of high cholesterol in the liver.
(4) Oxidation resistance. The molecular weight of soybean peptide is in the range of 500-3000 Da, which has good antioxidant capacity, can scavenge free radicals, reduce hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxide in the body, protect biofilm and resist aging.
(5) Promote the proliferation of bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria. Soybean peptide can promote the growth and stability of Bifidobacterium in intestine, and enhance the proliferation of immunocompetent lactic acid bacteria. In this paper, the low molecular weight soybean peptide with molecular weight less than 2500 was used for Bacillus culture test, and the result was increased by 1 times compared with the control.
(6) Promote the absorption of minerals. The content of phytic acid in soybean peptide is low, and the peptide molecules can also combine with mineral ions such as calcium, zinc, copper, magnesium and iron, showing a soluble state, which is beneficial to human absorption.
China is the birthplace of Ganoderma Cao Xian and the hometown of Ganoderma lucidum. Since ancient times, Ganoderma lucidum has been regarded by our people as a "fairy grass" that can cure all diseases, and it has extremely high medical and nutritional value. It is recorded in Shennong Materia Medica Classic, the first pharmaceutical work in China, that Ganoderma lucidum tastes bitter, but its efficacy is remarkable, and it is considered as a precious tonic for invigorating qi and tonifying deficiency, strengthening the body and increasing wisdom, strengthening the body resistance and prolonging life.
Ganoderma lucidum, also known as Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma lucidum, is a polyporaceae fungus. The dried fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum can be divided into Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma lucidum. Its head cover is semicircular or kidney-shaped, and its upper case is very hard and shiny. The lower surface is composed of many small bacteria tubes, and there are many small particles in the bacteria tubes, which are botanically called "spores". One side of the hood has a long handle, which is smooth and moist, and the surface looks like a transparent varnish.
The growth habit of Ganoderma lucidum is very characteristic. Most of them grow beside broad-leaved tree piles such as oak trees, and they like to live in places with dense vegetation, short light, fertile topsoil and loose water.
Second, the nutritional value
The main components of Ganoderma lucidum are organic germanium (its content is 4-6 times that of ginseng) and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, and the rest are polypeptide, ergosterol, mannitol, adenine, adenine, adenine nucleoside, uracil, uridine, laccase, laccase, isozyme, benzoic acid, r- trimethyl aminobutyric acid, betaine, trehalose, stearic acid, coumarin and phenolic resin.
Third, the value of medical care.
1, anti-tumor effect
Low or disordered autoimmune function is an important cause of tumor occurrence and development. Ganoderma lucidum is the best immune function regulator and activator, which can significantly improve the immune function of the body and enhance the anti-cancer ability of patients themselves. Ganoderma lucidum can be the first choice for anti-tumor, cancer prevention and cancer adjuvant therapy by promoting the production of interleukin -2, promoting the phagocytosis of mononuclear macrophages, improving the hematopoietic capacity of human body, especially the index level of white blood cells, and the inhibitory effect of some effective components on cancer cells. Ganoderma lucidum has almost no toxic side effects on human body. The advantages of this non-toxic immune activator are exactly what many tumor chemotherapy drugs and other immune enhancers do not have.
2. Protect liver and detoxify
Ganoderma lucidum has protective effect on liver injury caused by many physical, chemical and biological factors. Whether before or after liver injury, taking Ganoderma lucidum can protect the liver and alleviate liver injury. Ganoderma lucidum can promote the metabolism of drugs and poisons in the liver, and has definite curative effect on toxic hepatitis. Especially for chronic hepatitis, Ganoderma lucidum can obviously eliminate dizziness, fatigue, nausea, liver discomfort and other symptoms, and can effectively improve liver function, so that all indicators tend to be normal. Therefore, Ganoderma lucidum can be used to treat chronic poisoning, various chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and liver dysfunction.
3. Effects on cardiovascular system
Animal experiments and clinical trials show that Ganoderma lucidum can effectively dilate coronary artery, increase coronary blood flow, improve myocardial microcirculation and enhance myocardial oxygen and energy supply. Therefore, Ganoderma lucidum has a protective effect on myocardial ischemia and can be widely used to treat and prevent coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. For patients with hyperlipidemia, Ganoderma lucidum can significantly reduce blood cholesterol, lipoprotein and triglyceride, and can prevent the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. For people with atherosclerotic plaque, it can reduce the cholesterol content of arterial wall, soften blood vessels and prevent further injury. It can also improve local microcirculation and prevent platelet aggregation. These effects have good preventive and therapeutic effects on various types of strokes.
4. Anti-aging effect
The polysaccharides and peptides contained in Ganoderma lucidum have obvious anti-aging effect. This effect is mainly based on the following mechanisms:
1) promotes and regulates immune function. For adults and the elderly, this promotion and regulation can obviously delay aging. For children in the growth and development stage, it can improve immune function, enhance disease resistance and ensure healthy growth.
2) Regulating metabolic balance and promoting the synthesis of nucleic acid and protein. Studies have shown that Ganoderma lucidum can promote the biosynthesis of nucleic acids and protein in serum, liver and bone marrow, so it can effectively resist diseases and prevent aging. Observations show that taking Ganoderma lucidum is not only beneficial to the elderly, but also suitable for people of working age, because the process of growth and development is also the process of aging.
3) Anti-free radical effect. The decrease of endogenous antioxidants or antioxidant enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase and SOD) produced by organisms is one of the reasons for human aging. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide has obvious SOD-like activity, which can significantly remove the free radicals produced by the body, thus preventing the damage of free radicals to the body, preventing lipid peroxidation, protecting cells and delaying cell aging. 4) Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide can obviously promote the DNA synthesis ability in the nucleus, increase the cell division algebra, and thus delay the aging of the body.
5. Anti-neurasthenia effect
Ganoderma lucidum has been used for neurasthenia and insomnia in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, so it plays a good central role. The extract can stimulate motor inhibition, reduce exercise, coordinate motor disorders, and show a dose-dependent disease relieving effect. It can shorten sleep time and prolong spasm and death time caused by central stimulant caffeine. These results indicate that Ganoderma lucidum has an inhibitory effect on the central nervous system.
Ganoderma lucidum contained in traditional Chinese medicine can "soothe the nerves", "increase wisdom" and "never forget". It is reported that Ganoderma lucidum preparation has obvious curative effect on neurasthenia and insomnia, and the total effective rate is as high as 87. 14% ~ 100%. Generally, after 10 ~ 15 days, it has obvious curative effect, which is characterized by improved sleep, increased appetite, increased weight, reduced or disappeared palpitation, headache and dizziness, refreshed spirit and enhanced memory. Patients with deficiency of both qi and blood have better curative effect. Therefore, Ganoderma lucidum has a strong regulatory effect on the central nervous system, and has the effect of calming the nerves. It is an essential product for patients with mental fatigue and insomnia. In the national pharmacopoeia, Ganoderma lucidum is an effective drug for sleeping and calming the nerves.
6. Treatment of hypertension
Ganoderma lucidum can reduce the blood pressure of anesthetized rabbits, the systolic and diastolic blood pressures are 65438 05% and 25% respectively, and it can also inhibit nerve activity, with the inhibition rates of 20% and 40% respectively. According to a hospital report, 18 hypertensive patients were treated with ganoderma lucidum liquid, and the total effective rate was 88.9%. The hypotensive effect of Ganoderma lucidum is related to sensory nerve efferent block. In addition, 30 cases of high backlog were treated with Ganoderma lucidum preparation, and the total effective rate was 88.3%. At the same time, Ganoderma lucidum can prolong and stabilize the effects of other antihypertensive drugs.
7. Treat diabetes
The hypoglycemic component of Ganoderma lucidum is Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, and the principle of hypoglycemic is to promote the utilization of sugar by tissues. After taking Ganoderma lucidum, it can replace insulin to inhibit the release of fatty acids and improve symptoms such as blood sugar and urine sugar. Blood sugar decreased from 173 to16, cholesterol decreased from 233 to 179, and β protein decreased from 580 to 465. The water-soluble polysaccharide in Ganoderma lucidum can reduce the incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Ganoderma lucidum health food produced by Numata Kenji in Japan has been widely used to treat diabetic patients.
8. Used for chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma.
Ganoderma lucidum has obvious antitussive, expectorant and antiasthmatic effects, and has a significant effect on relieving cough and asthma symptoms and preventing wheezing attacks. Its immune promotion function can also effectively prevent repeated colds, thus reducing the recurrence of diseases. This product has good curative effect on TCM classification of deficiency-cold type and phlegm-dampness type, but it has poor curative effect on lung heat type and lung dryness type. Its total effective rate is about 80%.
9, anti-allergic effect
When the body is attacked by an antigen, resulting in hyperactivity of immunity and various allergic reactions or immunopathological injuries, Ganoderma lucidum can inhibit the hyperactivity of immunity and maintain the stability of the body itself. Experiments show that Ganoderma lucidum can block the release of allergic reaction medium and prevent allergic reaction, so it is difficult to treat allergic or autoimmune diseases at present. Such as allergic asthma, lupus erythematosus, nephritis, allergic rhinitis and various intractable skin diseases. , can play a very good role, can partially resist the side effects caused by long-term use of hormones in some patients with diseases.
10, beauty function
People call Ganoderma lucidum "the medicine of eternal life", mainly because it has the effect of caring skin and delaying human aging. Ganoderma lucidum can maintain and regulate skin moisture, restore skin elasticity, make skin moist and delicate, and inhibit the formation and precipitation of skin melanin. Therefore, all kinds of beauty products made of Ganoderma lucidum have become upstarts in the field of skin care and beauty. If taken orally with Ganoderma lucidum, it can moisturize and protect the whole body, make the whole body smooth and delicate, and effectively prevent bacteria from invading the skin.
In addition, in other aspects, Ganoderma lucidum has many outstanding effects, such as stimulating bone marrow hematopoiesis and raising white blood cells, which can be used for leukopenia caused by various reasons (such as radiotherapy and hematology); Resist the invasion of stubborn viruses such as AIDS by improving the immune ability of the body; It can also help the body and improve the tolerance to various adverse environments (such as altitude hypoxia); It can inhibit the excessive contraction of uterine smooth muscle and treat functional uterine bleeding; In addition, Ganoderma lucidum has significant clinical effects on retinitis pigmentosa, cerebral hypoplasia, progressive muscular dystrophy and atrophic myotonia. Furthermore, further research reveals that Ganoderma lucidum also has a good analgesic effect, and has a good curative effect on headache, low back pain, neuralgia and cancer pain.
Fourth, the role of polysaccharides.
At present, there are more than 200 kinds of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, most of which are β -glucan and a few are α -glucan Polysaccharide chain is composed of three monosaccharide chains, which is a spiral three-dimensional structure similar to DNA and RNA. The helical layer is mainly fixed by hydrogen bonds, and its molecular weight ranges from several hundred to several hundred thousand. Except for a small part of small molecular polysaccharides, most of them are insoluble in high concentration alcohol, but soluble in hot water. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide is one of the most effective components in Ganoderma lucidum, so it has attracted the attention of medical workers. It is reported that Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide has the characteristics of stimulating host non-specific resistance, immune-specific response and inhibiting the physiological activity of transplanted tumor. When the molecular weight of polysaccharide is greater than 1× 104, it shows strong antitumor activity, and the activity is also related to the branching degree of polysaccharide chain and the number of hydroxyl groups on the branched chain. In addition, it is reported that Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide can improve immunity, hypoxia tolerance, eliminate free radicals, resist radiation, and improve the ability of liver, bone marrow and blood to synthesize DNA, RNA and protein, thus prolonging life.
Ganoderma lucidum also contains ganoderic acid, mainly triterpenes, which is the main source of bitterness of Ganoderma lucidum. At present, there are nearly one hundred triterpenoids as the skeleton of lanostane. These substances can strengthen stomach, inhibit histamine release, relieve pain, calm down, detoxify, protect liver and poison tumor cells.
Adenosine, mannitol and ergosterol contained in Ganoderma lucidum can regulate the full bloom or decomposition of neutral fat in adipocytes.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) the use of polysaccharide
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide produced by our company is an effective component extracted from Ganoderma lucidum, which has remarkable efficacy and high health care value and can be used as raw materials for various health care products and functional foods.