Contents of pre-pregnancy examination
First, fasting blood test.
1, torch inspection
Intrauterine infection is an important factor affecting fetal growth and development. At present, the main known pathogens are Toxoplasma gondii (T), rubella virus (R), cytomegalovirus (C), herpes simplex virus (H) and other viruses (O), such as human immunodeficiency virus. This group of pathogen infections is called TORCH disease group. Medical research has confirmed that if expectant mothers are infected with any of the above pathogens, they may infect the fetus during pregnancy, leading to abortion, stillbirth, deformity, congenital mental retardation and other symptoms. Before pregnancy, you can't get pregnant if you are found to be in the period of virus infection. It takes 8 ~ 12 weeks, and then you can get pregnant after the infection is cured or when it is no longer infected. The antibody IgG of the virus is positive, which generally means that it has been infected for a long time and does not need treatment. If the virus antibody IgM shows that you were infected with the corresponding virus 2 ~ 8 weeks ago, it means that you are in recovery and need to turn negative to get pregnant.
2. Routine blood test (blood type)
Blood routine examination can find anemia, leukemia, thrombocytopenia and other blood system diseases as soon as possible. If you find a problem, you need a doctor's consent after treatment to get pregnant.
3, hepatitis B virus, liver and kidney function examination
Only people with normal liver and kidney function can experience pregnancy. If the mother is a patient with viral hepatitis, it will have very serious consequences after pregnancy: premature delivery and even neonatal death. Hepatitis virus can also be transmitted vertically to children. Pre-pregnancy examination should avoid pregnancy for the time being if there is big three yang and abnormal liver function. If it is hepatitis B, it is necessary to further quantitatively detect the DNA of hepatitis B virus to judge its infectivity. Those with negative HBV DNA test can be pregnant, and intramuscular injection of hepatitis B high-efficiency immunoglobulin within 24 hours after delivery can prevent newborns from being infected with HBV.
4, sexually transmitted diseases (syphilis, AIDS check)
Conduct specific AIDS and syphilis tests in the laboratory. Don't think that this test is useless to you. Check it just in case. Especially at present, AIDS is spreading from high-risk groups to normal people, so we must be vigilant so as not to affect the health of pregnant women and fetuses.
Second, chest X-ray and electrocardiogram examination
Chest X-ray can diagnose pulmonary diseases such as tuberculosis, and patients with pulmonary tuberculosis can not get pregnant until they are cured. Electrocardiogram can find abnormal heart rhythm, myocardial ischemia and so on.
Third, gynecological examination
Do gynecological examination before pregnancy. Because some pathogenic microorganisms, such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum, Chlamydia trachomatis, etc., can also cause intrauterine infection and affect the normal development of the fetus. If the above pathogenic microorganism infection is found, the pregnancy time should be postponed and active treatment should be taken. If there is mycotic or trichomonal vaginitis before pregnancy, it should be cured before pregnancy. In addition, B-ultrasound should be done before pregnancy to understand the uterus and its accessories.
Special note: Women of childbearing age should check cervical cancer prevention TCT every year, and if there are precancerous lesions, they should be treated as soon as possible.
Warm tips for special groups in gynecology
1, female tubal nowhere
Tubal is an important reproductive organ of pregnancy. Sperm and eggs meet here to form fertilized eggs. People who plan to be pregnant for one year but are not pregnant can do tubal patency experiments to understand the causes of infertility.
2, uterine fibroids
Uterine fibroids generally do not affect pregnancy. If they are located under the uterine mucosa, it may affect pregnancy. You can remove the hysteromyoma first and get pregnant after 1 year. Pregnancy complicated with hysteromyoma may lead to premature delivery or abortion. After pregnancy, due to changes in hormones in the body, uterine fibroids may suddenly increase, and uterine fibroids may appear red degeneration. Although it is a benign lesion, it will cause abdominal pain, fever, local tenderness and other clinical symptoms, so it is necessary to see a doctor in time.
3. Irregular menstruation
People with irregular menstruation should tell the doctor to help analyze the date of ovulation and check six items of gynecological endocrine when necessary.
Four. oral examination
If you have toothache during pregnancy, you must consider the influence of therapeutic drugs on the fetus, which is very difficult to treat. Therefore, periodontal disease, dental caries and impacted wisdom teeth should be treated before pregnancy, and residual roots and crowns should be treated in time.
Five, urine routine examination
It is helpful for early diagnosis of renal diseases.
Six, chromosome detection
Chromosome examination is only for people with recurrent abortion and genetic diseases in the family.
The above six examinations are only routine examinations that take into account women's health. If the unit has an annual physical examination, you can bring a physical examination form to the doctor to do some necessary gynecological examination, cervical TCT and blood test torch series. B-ultrasound examination has been done within one year, and there is no abnormality in clinical gynecological examination, so B-ultrasound examination is not needed.
Seven, internal and surgical diseases:
1, hypertension
Whether a woman with hypertension can get pregnant depends on the severity of the patient's condition.
(1) Hypertension, which does not involve cardiovascular diseases, can be treated with antihypertensive treatment under the guidance of experts and then get pregnant. Strengthen monitoring and inspection during pregnancy. By the third trimester of pregnancy (5 months later), blood pressure is gradually rising, which requires close monitoring.
(2) Hypertension, involving heart and vascular diseases, has obvious vasospasm or sclerosis in the fundus, and pregnancy is not recommended. Due to the aggravation of blood pressure disease after pregnancy, it is often necessary to induce labor, and fetal intrauterine growth retardation.
2. Diabetes
Pregnant women with diabetes can cause miscarriage, premature delivery, pregnancy poisoning, polyhydramnios and giant fetus. Therefore, women with a family history of diabetes should go to the internal medicine department for diagnosis before pregnancy, control blood sugar with insulin, and then get pregnant.
3. Kidney disease
(1) If you have kidney disease, you cannot get pregnant. If the treatment basically recovers, only the urine test is normal, the renal function is normal, and the blood pressure is stable can the pregnancy be negotiated with the doctor.
(2) If you have chronic nephritis with hypertension or proteinuria above++,it will not only cause fetal death after pregnancy, but also aggravate the damage of renal function and endanger the life of pregnant women.
4. Liver disease
For persistent chronic hepatitis, if the condition is mild, the liver function is normal, the patient is young and healthy, and after proper treatment, she can also get pregnant. However, after pregnancy, we should adhere to a high-protein diet and adequate rest, and strengthen pregnancy monitoring.
5. Heart disease
Patients with heart disease must be treated strictly, and their cardiac function is at 1 or 2. After being evaluated by a specialist, she became pregnant and suffered from paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, which caused insufficient blood supply to the brain and heart during the attack and affected the life of pregnant women.
6, hemorrhoids
Because of pregnancy, the hormones secreted by the body are easy to relax the smooth muscle of the blood vessel wall, and the enlarged uterus compresses the blood vessels in the abdominal cavity, which will make the original hemorrhoids of pregnant women serious or new hemorrhoids appear. Therefore, if there are women with hemorrhoids, they should actively treat hemorrhoids before pregnancy.
Why is it important to reach the standard weight before pregnancy?
Body mass index is the square of weight (kg) divided by height (m2), and the normal value is 18 ~ 24. For example, the weight is 60 kg, the height 1.6m, and the body mass index is 60 ÷ (1.6x1.6). Simple algorithm: ideal weight (kg) = my height-105 (cm). To maintain the ideal weight, we must pay attention to the balance of diet and nutrition, and strengthen exercise and exercise. The weight greatly exceeds the ideal value, and hypertension and diabetes may occur during pregnancy, which will have adverse effects on pregnant women and fetuses. If the weight is too low, the fetus is prone to intrauterine growth retardation.
Warm reminder of male pre-pregnancy health care content
1, sperm examination: motility, quantity, presence or absence of bacteria. To maintain healthy sperm, it is necessary to exercise more, smoke less, and eat more fruits and vegetables containing vitamin E and various trace elements, all of which help to resist the germs that destroy sperm. Regular and healthy sex life, oral supplementation of trace elements, reduction of sauna, wearing tight pants and driving for a long time.
2, external genitalia: whether there are varicose veins, too long foreskin, etc. , give corresponding treatment.