0 1
People's blood types are usually divided into four types: A, B, O and AB. Blood group inheritance depends on chromosomes in cells. There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in human cells. The main component of chromosomes is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which determines the genetic traits and functions.
DNA can be divided into many small segments, each of which has specific genetic characteristics and functions. These small fragments are called genes.
Human ABO blood group is controlled by three genes: A, B and O, but there are only two ABO system genes on chromosome 9 in each cell, which are a pair of alleles among AO, AA, BO, BB, AB and OO, in which A and B genes are dominant genes and O gene is recessive.
02
According to the genetic law of blood type, the genetic blood type law of "pregnant woman is type O, husband is type A" baby:
Genetic law of blood group
Parental blood group
Children's association
The blood type that appears
Kids don't.
The blood type that appears
A and o
Answer, o
b，AB
03
ABO hemolytic disease is a kind of homologous immune hemolytic anemia, which refers to immune hemolytic anemia caused by blood group antibody. Maternal-infant blood group incompatibility is one of the most common causes of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Early onset and rapid progress can cause nuclear jaundice.
ABO hemolytic disease is the most common hemolytic disease of maternal and infant blood group incompatibility. It mainly occurs in maternal O type, fetal A type or B type, and other blood types are rare.
Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hefei City, Anhui Province detected 2336 cases of umbilical cord blood and maternal blood of Han live-born newborns in Hefei area. The prevalence rate of ABO hemolytic disease in newborns was 10.70%, accounting for 38.76% of ABO hemolytic disease in newborns with maternal-infant blood group incompatibility.
Because AB blood group substances widely exist in some plants, parasites and bacteria in nature, type 0 mothers can usually be stimulated by substances with A and B blood groups in nature to produce anti-A and anti-B antibodies (1gG) before the first fetus, so 40% ~ 50% of ABO hemolysis occurs in the first fetus.
04
The symptoms of ABO hemolysis are very different: mild jaundice is easily regarded as physiological jaundice and missed diagnosis, and some only show late anemia; Severe jaundice, severe anemia and stillbirth may occur in severe cases, but the incidence rate is low.
05
"Pregnant women have type O blood, and husbands have type A blood", so babies are at risk of ABO hemolytic disease and need to be treated differently.
Correct understanding and scientific treatment
The probability and severity of ABO hemolytic disease will increase with the increase of parity. However, hemolysis of newborn is not terrible. Generally, ABO hemolytic disease is milder and slower than other hemolytic diseases, and most of them have good prognosis after active treatment.
The situation of each pregnant woman and fetus is different, and the condition also has priorities. In order to ensure the safety of the fetus, we should insist on pre-pregnancy examination and prenatal care.
The research on 1494 cases of blood group incompatibility between husband and wife by the Institute of Medical Genetics of Zhuhai Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Guangdong Province also pointed out that only early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment can achieve satisfactory results.
First of all, take precautions and pay attention to prenatal examination. Determine the blood types of mother and father. If the parents' blood types are incompatible, the mother's blood group antibody should be determined.
Maternal blood group antibody test: pregnant women who suspect that the fetus may have hemolytic diseases should be tested for anti-blood group antibodies. The first test is usually carried out in the fourth month of pregnancy, which can be used as the basic level of antibody.
After that, 1 time was measured every month, 1 time every half month after 7-8 months of pregnancy, and 1 time every week after the eighth month.
Because there are substances similar to AB antigen in nature, and there are natural anti-A or anti-B antibodies in mother's body, the antibody titer of ABO hemolytic disease is usually 1∶64 as a hypochondriac disease. The mother's antibody titer remains unchanged, suggesting that the condition is stable.
In the second trimester, if you find abnormal antibodies, you should use drugs in time. If the prenatal examination is not in place, you can also use umbilical cord blood for examination after the baby is born. No matter what kind of test, the purpose is to control the harm of hemolysis to a minimum. The sooner you control it, the better the chance of cure.
06
Cooperate with diagnosis and treatment according to the needs of the disease.
Although hemolytic disease of newborn is caused by the incompatibility of blood types between husband and wife, not all babies born to O-blood mothers will have hemolytic disease. Even if hemolytic disease occurs, the current treatment can be completely cured.
(1) Strengthen observation: Babies are supervised by doctors and nurses during hospital treatment, and jaundice will be treated in time. If the child comes home, pay close attention to the child's physical changes.
(2) Cooperative treatment: At present, with the development of medicine, even children with severe hemolysis can be treated by systemic exchange transfusion.
07
To sum up, on the basis of understanding ABO hemolytic disease, couples with type O blood and husbands with type A blood should not blindly despise or worry too much, which will affect their mood, work and rest and the normal development of the fetus.
Pay attention to the usual prenatal examination and preventive measures. If the baby has hemolytic symptoms after birth, he should actively cooperate with the doctor for treatment. Most children with hemolysis will get better after treatment.
References:
[1] Analysis of blood type test results of pregnant women (38 cases18 cases) Laboratory Medicine and Clinic (No.5, Volume 1O, 201March)
[2] Xue Xindong, Pediatrics [M], 2nd edition, Beijing, People's Health Publishing House, 20 10 [3] Shen Xiaoming, Pediatrics [M], 7th edition, Beijing, People's Health Publishing House.
Society, 20 10
[4] HanZhen Jin, Huang Demin, Gong Xiji and so on. , practical neonatology [M]. Published by People's Health Publishing House, 1990.
[5] China Maternal and Child Health Care 1999 Volume 14.
[6] Ai Ai Medical Network
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