Stir-fried sugar is for color and sweetness.
Another function of sugar is to form a shell on the surface of meat, which can make the meat tender and improve the taste.
Also, don't think too much about health factors. Our previous generations grew up eating normal Chinese food, and there is nothing wrong with it. As long as the diet is diversified, there will be no health problems.
Eating is mainly to satisfy cravings, and "fragrance" is the most important thing.