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Popular science on occupational hazards: silica dust
Occupational disease network
20 19-06- 15 16:00:55
Silica dust is a serious occupational hazard, and long-term inhalation of free silica dust will cause occupational disease-silicosis. There are great differences in free silica in nature, and 95% of ores contain different free silica. According to the crystal structure, it can be divided into three types: crystal, cryptocrystal and amorphous.
Existing forms of silica in different crystal forms:
1. Crystal type: quartzite, granite, silica, etc.
2. Mysterious forms: agate, flint and timely glass;
3. Amorphous: diatomite, silica gel, opal, silica vapor, etc.
The existing forms of silicon dioxide. The file extension of encoded image stored in jpeg file exchange format.
Main operations in contact with silica dust
Contact with free silica dust is very extensive, involving many fields. Generally, the operation that comes into contact with dust containing more than 0/0% of free silica/kloc is called silica dust operation.
Including mining, mining, tunnel excavation, raw material processing, jewelry processing and so on. Therefore, in these workplaces with more dust, strict labor protection measures should be taken, various technologies and equipment should be adopted to control the dust content in the workplace, and personal protection and occupational health monitoring should be strengthened to ensure the occupational health of workers.
Factors affecting the onset of silicosis. png
Relationship between silica dust and silicosis
Inhaling free silica dust for a long time in the production process will cause a systemic disease-silicosis, mainly diffuse pulmonary fibrosis. Silicon used to be called "silicon", but now it is called "silicosis", also called "silicosis". According to the eighth edition of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, silicosis cases in China account for about 40% of the total cases of pneumoconiosis, ranking second, which is the most harmful one in pneumoconiosis. People who work in mining, sand turning, sand blasting, pottery making and refractory manufacturing are prone to this kind of lung.
The higher the content of free silica in dust, the shorter the onset time and the more serious the lesion. The content of free silica can be as high as 99%.
The effect of silica dust on silicosis is crystalline > recessive > amorphous; Tridymite > Fang yingshi > yingshi > ke quartz > super yingshi.
The higher the concentration of silica, the greater the dispersion, the longer the contact time with dust, the worse the protective measures and the more serious the illness.
In addition, individual factors of workers, such as age, nutrition, heredity, individual susceptibility, personal hygiene habits and respiratory diseases, also play a role in the occurrence of silicosis. People who have suffered from tuberculosis in the past, especially those who have active tuberculosis and other chronic respiratory diseases during exposure to dust, are prone to silicosis.
X-ray chest film of silicosis. The file extension of encoded image stored in jpeg file exchange format.
Classification of silicosis
The onset of silicosis is generally slow, and it takes 15~20 years after exposure to low concentration free silica dust. However, after the onset, the lesion can continue to develop even if it is separated from dust work. A few people get sick after 1~2 years due to continuous inhalation of dust with high concentration and high free silica content, which is called "acute silicosis". There are also some workers exposed to dust, although exposed to high concentration of silica dust, but no obvious abnormality was found on the X-ray chest film when exposed to dust, or silicosis could not be diagnosed after several years of exposure, which is called "delayed silicosis".
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Editor: Li Xiaoyan
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