First, disinfection. First, thoroughly clean and rinse the henhouse, then fumigate and disinfect it with formalin (formaldehyde) and potassium permanganate. Close the doors and windows 12 ~ 24 hours later, open the doors and windows for ventilation. All utensils were cleaned and disinfected with 0.2% potassium permanganate solution. After completing these tasks, you can pick up the cubs.
Second, the drinking water is off. Chickens should be given water before they start eating. In the first few days, 1/10000 potassium permanganate can be added to the drinking water to disinfect the drinking water, clean the gastrointestinal tract and promote the meconium discharge of chicks. Chickens after long-distance transportation can add about 5% glucose to their drinking water to help eliminate fatigue and restore their physical strength as soon as possible. The drinking water used should be heated in advance, so that the water temperature is basically the same as the room temperature for brooding.
Third, start eating. Chickens can only eat 24 ~ 36 hours after hatching. Edible feed requires fresh, moderate particle size, easy to be pecked by chicks, rich in nutrition and easy to digest. Commonly used are broken corn, millet, broken rice and broken wheat. Open food can be cooked to 80% maturity before feeding, which is beneficial to the digestion of chicks. Feed it 5 ~ 7 times a day, and after 2 ~ 3 days, gradually switch to chicken mixture for normal feeding, 4 ~ 5 times a day, and the feeding times are reduced. Some chopped green leaves or young grass leaves can be mixed into the feed from the fourth day after shelling, and the feeding amount is about 10% of the total feed, and then the feeding amount is gradually increased to 20 ~ 30% of the total feed. Fourth, nutrition. The digestive function of chicks has not been fully developed, so they should be fed with nutritious and digestible complete compound feed, and at the same time, they should be fed with appropriate green and juicy feed. Using single feed or malnutrition feed is not conducive to the growth and development of chicks.
Fifth, the temperature is off. Although the temperature rises in spring, the climate is still cold, and maintaining a suitable temperature is the primary key to the success or failure of brooding. Chicks' thermoregulation function is not perfect, and they are very sensitive to the change of environmental temperature, which directly affects the growth and survival rate of chicks. Before entering the brooding room, the brooding room should be preheated to meet the temperature requirements of brooding. Chickens under the age of 1 week need a henhouse temperature of 30℃ ~ 32℃, and then decrease by 2℃ ~ 3℃ every week until the henhouse temperature is 2 1℃, and this temperature should be maintained until the end of brooding. Whether the brooding temperature is appropriate can be grasped by observing the performance of chicks. When the brooding temperature is suitable, chicks are lively and active, energetic, chirping briskly, with good appetite, moderate water consumption, smooth and tidy feathers, evenly distributed at rest after eating, and extremely quiet in the henhouse. When the temperature is too low, the chicks move slowly, have fluffy feathers and tremble, gather under the heat source and scream from time to time. When the temperature is too high, the chicks stay away from the heat source, feel depressed, open their mouths to breathe, and drink more stars. In severe cases, chickens will be dehydrated.
Sixth, the humidity is off. Proper humidity can keep the evaporation of water in chicks constant and improve the growth of chicks. Generally speaking, before 10 month old, the air relative humidity is often too low because of the high brooding temperature, so it is necessary to pay attention to replenish indoor moisture to make the indoor relative humidity of brooding reach 60% ~ 65%. After 10 month old, with the increase of age and weight, the feed intake, drinking water, respiration and fecal excretion of chicks are increasing day by day, and the temperature of brooding is decreasing week by week, which is easy to cause indoor humidity, and chicks are extremely uncomfortable to this humid environment. Therefore, the brooding house should be ventilated, and the padding should be changed frequently. When drinking water, try to avoid water overflowing the ground or padding.
Seven, density. Reasonable density can make chicks eat evenly and maintain the orderly development of chickens. The density should be adjusted according to the age, breed, feeding mode, season and chicken house structure. The reasonable density of flat chicks is: 0 ~ 4 weeks old, 20 ~ 25 birds/square meter; 5 ~ 7 weeks old, 10 ~ 20/m2. The reasonable density of online brooding is: 0 ~ 4 weeks old, 24 ~ 28 chicks/square meter; 5 ~ 7 weeks old, 15 ~ 20/m2.
Eight, turn off the lights. The reasonable illumination time is: 0 ~ 3 weeks old for 24 hours, 4 ~ 14 days old 16 ~ 19 hours, and natural illumination after 15 days old. Light intensity, according to 15 square meter chicken coop, hang a 40-watt light bulb at a height of 2 meters in the first week, and replace it with a 25-watt light bulb in the second week.
Nine, ventilation. In the brooding stage, due to the high temperature in the henhouse and the high density of chicks, chicken manure, waste and feed are easy to rot and ferment, producing a lot of harmful gases such as ammonia and carbon dioxide. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation of the nursery and keep the air in the nursery fresh. In order to solve the contradiction between ventilation and heat preservation, the temperature of brooding room should be increased by 1℃ ~ 2℃ before ventilation, and basically decreased to the original shed temperature after ventilation. It is best to choose the ventilation time around noon on a sunny day, and the ventilation should be carried out slowly. Doors and windows should be opened from small to large, and finally half-opened. Don't suddenly open the doors and windows to let the cold air blow directly, so the greenhouse temperature will suddenly drop.
X. Epidemic prevention. According to the local conditions, choose a reasonable immunization program for vaccination, and thoroughly disinfect the henhouse regularly to keep it dry, clean and hygienic; Insist on adding preventive drugs to feed and drinking water; When sick chickens are found, they should be isolated and treated in time, and dead chickens should be burned or buried away from the henhouse.