(Image source network, if there is any infringement, please contact to delete)
Down's screening is to extract the serum of expectant mothers, detect the concentrations of maternal fetal protein A, chorionic gonadotropin and free estriol during pregnancy 15-20 weeks, and calculate the risk coefficient of a fetus born with birth defects in combination with the expected date of delivery, weight, age, weight and gestational age, that is, to check whether the fetus is seriously mentally retarded (that is, Tang Bao). If the blood test results show that the risk factor of Down's syndrome is relatively high, it can only show that the possibility of giving birth to Down's syndrome is relatively high, and the doctor will suggest further amniocentesis, and it will be clear whether the fetus is Down's syndrome after checking the chromosome of the fetus.
(Image source network, if there is any infringement, please contact to delete)
However, it is suggested that elderly pregnant women and pregnant women with family genetic history should not do Down's screening, and they can directly do amniocentesis or non-invasive DNA (non-invasive DHA is controversial, consult a doctor). Because this kind of pregnant women have a higher probability of giving birth to Down's baby, and doing Down's screening is also risky, so skip this step directly.
Amniocentesis, 16-20 weeks amniocentesis, and another name is "amniocentesis", which is one of the prenatal examination items to assist in determining Down's screening for high-risk infants. Under the guidance of B-ultrasound, a needle was supplied to the expectant mother's stomach to puncture amniotic fluid, and amniotic fluid was extracted, and fetal cells were selected for chromosome analysis. Amniocentesis is suitable for expectant mothers who are pregnant 16-20 weeks, but many expectant mothers are worried about the safety of amniocentesis. In fact, this test is also risky, but the accuracy rate is over 99%.
Non-invasive DNA prenatal detection, such as 12-22 weeks non-invasive DNA prenatal detection, non-invasive fetal chromosome aneuploidy detection and other non-invasive DNA prenatal detection technologies only need to extract the venous blood of pregnant women, and use the new generation DNA sequencing technology to sequence the free DNA fragments (including fetal free DNA) in maternal peripheral plasma, and analyze the sequencing results. The genetic information of the fetus can be obtained to detect whether the fetus has three main chromosomal diseases, namely Down syndrome (T2 1), Edwards syndrome (T 18) and Patao syndrome (T 13).
Under normal circumstances, expectant mothers will, according to the items of prenatal examination in the hospital, go through a series of examinations before delivery 1 1-22 weeks, and check that there is something wrong with the fetal brain. As for what kind of examination to do, except NT, the other three examinations should be decided after your mother communicates with the doctor. When my daughter-in-law had a prenatal check-up, we directly chose to do Tang screening, and the result was low risk. There is no need to continue to check the risk of Down's.
T: How many weeks will it take to find out if there is anything wrong with the fetal brain?
After pregnancy, the health of the fetus is the mother's greatest concern, but the fetus is invisible and intangible in the stomach. When can prenatal examination find something wrong with the fetal brain?
In the first trimester, most pregnant women found themselves pregnant when their menstruation didn't come, and most of them were 8.9 weeks old when they were diagnosed. At this time, they can go to the hospital for examination. At this time, regular fetal sac can be seen under ultrasound, and fetal heart can also be detected.
If in the early pregnancy, the fetal sac is in good shape, the progesterone increment is doubled and normal, and the fetal heart is normal under ultrasound examination, then most of the embryos are well developed and have no fatal teratogenic factors, otherwise most of them will spontaneously abort, which also shows that the embryos have serious teratogenic factors.
NT check-up starts this week, and pregnant women need to formally apply for a card to start prenatal check-up. During pregnancy 1 1 week-13 weeks +6 days, NT examination, that is, the zona pellucida scan behind the neck of the fetus, is one of the effective methods for prenatal screening of fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Generally speaking, NT values below 3mm are normal, while those above 3mm increase the possibility that the fetus is Down's syndrome or cardiac dysplasia.
Down's screening should be carried out at the gestational age 15-20 weeks, that is, the pregnant women's serum should be extracted, and the possibility that the fetus is a down's child with congenital defects should be calculated by combining the pregnant women's age, expected date of delivery, weight and gestational age. However, the false positive rate of Down's screening is high, so even if the test results are high, it can't be confirmed as Down's children, and further examination is needed to make a diagnosis.
At the same time, elderly pregnant women, that is, pregnant women who are expected to give birth over 35 years old, pregnant women with a history of abortion and pregnant women with a family genetic history, are mostly high-risk groups. It is not recommended to do this. More advanced prenatal screening or prenatal diagnosis can be done directly.
Non-invasive DNA is an advanced screening method, and many pregnant women are selected because of non-invasive. The process is to take the peripheral venous blood of pregnant women, use the new generation DNA sequencing technology to sequence the free DNA fragments in plasma, and analyze the biological information to find out whether the fetus has three chromosome diseases.
However, advanced screening is only screening, and there is still a false positive rate of 1%. In the case of non-invasive and low risk, pregnant women still need to have a checkup on time until the baby is born.
Amniocentesis, also known as cashmere choriocentesis, is a method of prenatal diagnosis. The detection rate was 100%, and the best examination time was 16-24 weeks. It is invasive, and the abortion rate is less than one in a thousand. It is suitable for pregnant women with high risk, no high risk, expected delivery age over 35 years old, family history of Down syndrome and repeated abortions.
Amniocentesis is also the only method to confirm whether the fetus is Down syndrome at the earliest, but it can't be doubted.
The horse is very handsome.
Guide: How many weeks can the baby's brain problems be found? During pregnancy, it can be found that the fetus has "mental retardation" in recent weeks, and pregnant women can benefit from early understanding.
Actually, I'm facing a similar problem. My son gave birth prematurely because of high total bile acid. Things were worse then. He lived in an incubator for 40 days and was under the double pressure of mental economy. In the process of raising, he is more worried than a full-term baby. He is worried that the second child will also encounter this situation. ...
During pregnancy, it can be found that the fetus has "mental retardation" in recent weeks, and pregnant women can benefit from early understanding.
6-8 weeks of pregnancy: check the fetal heart and gestational sac.
Early pregnancy is the period when the baby's main organs are formed, and the neural tubes related to the baby's intelligence are also closed around the sixth week of pregnancy. In order to avoid giving birth to a defective child, in addition to taking appropriate folic acid, prenatal examination is also needed in time during the sixth to eighth week of pregnancy. If you can see the fetal heart beat and gestational sac at this stage, the progesterone will be doubled, indicating that the baby is developing normally and there are no serious teratogenic factors.
Pregnancy 1 1 week-13 weeks +6 days: NT examination.
These weeks, the length of fetal head and buttock is about 45-84mm, which is the most suitable stage for measuring the transparent layer of fetal nape. Because it is a temporary lymphatic accumulation, it will disappear after 14 weeks, so pregnant mothers should make an appointment for nt color ultrasound at 12 weeks at the first prenatal examination. NT examination is an effective means to screen Down syndrome. Usually NT below 3mm is normal, and NT above 3mm, so the probability of down syndrome in infants is higher. The survey shows that the older a woman is, the higher the probability of giving birth to a Down's baby-0. 1% at the age of 20, 0.3% at the age of 35 and 1% at the age of 40. When the NT value is greater than 6mm, the doctor will advise you to make a direct diagnosis by sheep puncture.
Down's screening is mainly to check whether there is neural tube insufficiency and chromosome abnormality, which is carried out at 15-20 weeks of pregnancy, and the best check is at 16- 18 weeks. By extracting maternal serum, the concentrations of AFP, hCG, uE3 and inhibin A in blood were checked, and the risk coefficient of cerebrovascular malformation or Down's syndrome was calculated by combining the weight of pregnant women, expected date of delivery, gestational age at the time of blood collection and family history. If it is found to be a high risk, it is necessary to make a sheep puncture diagnosis.
Noninvasive DNA is a new screening method for Down syndrome in recent years. The maternal peripheral venous blood of about 10 ml was collected (maternal blood contains fetal free DNA fragments), and then the free DNA fragments in maternal plasma were sequenced by DNA sequencing technology. If the fetus is mentally retarded or has facial defects, then the free DNA fragments from chromosome 13, 18 or 2 1.
This screening method is harmless to the fetus, and because of its relatively high accuracy, many pregnant mothers choose to do non-invasive DNA directly. However, after all, non-invasive DNA is a screening method, and there are also some flaws. The false positive rate is 1%, even if it is not a high risk, so pregnant women should not be careless, so they should be examined regularly.
Pregnancy 16-24 weeks: amniocentesis
There are fetal cells in amniotic fluid. With the help of B-ultrasound, the doctor collected amniotic fluid through the abdomen and uterus with a long probe, and then spent 1-2 weeks cultivating the cells in the fetus to obtain the chromosome karyotype. Finally, they observed and analyzed whether the chromosomes were distorted. However, there are certain risks. Medical data show that the probability of abortion caused by amniocentesis is 1 1 000, that is,1000 people. The risk is still relatively low, and the detection rate reaches 65,438+0,000%.
The human brain mainly refers to the nervous system, which is located in the human skull. If there is something wrong with the baby's brain, it is mainly manifested in the abnormal development of its shape and function. In different months, there will be different developmental manifestations from normal children, which will attract the attention of parents.
The development of baby's brain includes: 1. Changes of skull shape and internal structure.
The common abnormalities in the shape and internal structure of the skull are: congenital cerebral hypoplasia, anencephaly, hydrocephalus and other structural developmental malformations of the brain.
2. Changes in the functional development of brain nerve tissue.
Abnormal development of brain nerve tissue function: cerebral palsy, mental retardation, epilepsy, hyperactivity disorder, autism and other diseases caused by brain injury.
Discovery time and manifestation characteristics: 1. Newborns can find abnormal skull shape and internal structure. It can be seen that the shape of the skull is different from that of the normal skull. Most abnormalities may be found in the neonatal period, and the head shape of children with hydrocephalus will become more and more obvious. At the same time, it will be accompanied by changes such as continuous crying or drowsiness of newborns.
2. Abnormal brain function development: In the neonatal period, there may be a state of mental excitement or excessive inhibition, crying all day, or always in a state of lethargy. After 8 weeks of birth, it can be found that the baby can not be followed up, and after birth 12 weeks, it can be found that the baby is underdeveloped. With the increase of the baby's development month, the signs of abnormal development will become more and more obvious.
Suggestion: For children with high risk factors of brain injury before and after birth, it is necessary to make regular neuromotor development assessment and listen to the exact report time and suggestions of doctors and experts on the abnormal development of nervous system.
Pregnant mothers are most afraid of fetal brain development during prenatal examination. If a problem is diagnosed, then the pregnant mother will choose to induce labor. After all, this is extremely difficult for the fetus. For pregnant mothers, the economic and social pressure is immeasurable, and many babies are difficult to recover. Although we are reluctant, many times we are powerless.
Many times, we say that induced labor is too cruel to the fetus and the child has the right to life. There is a child in the community who suffers from congenital diseases. When a child grows up, because of the great social pressure, many things that he can't have often ask his mother, "Why is he born?" His mother is crying because she didn't find it during the prenatal examination. After the baby is born, his behavior is different from other babies.
From the first day 19 after the fertilized egg is combined, the nervous system of the embryo begins to develop. On the 26th day, it closed from the bottom and extended downward to become the spinal cord. By the eighth week, the fetus has a basic embryonic form, from embryo to fetus.
By the third month of pregnancy, the development of fetal brain cells entered the first peak, so nt examination was performed at this time. From April to May, brain cells are still in the peak period, which is Down's screening and amniocentesis. By the sixth month of the fetus, grooves appeared on the surface of the fetal brain, and the hierarchical structure of the cerebral cortex was basically stereotyped. At this time, the exception is ruled out.
Causes of fetal brain problems
Pregnancy examination program
First, pregnancy 12 weeks -NT examination
At 12 weeks, the pregnant mother measured the thickness of skin folds at the back of the fetal neck through nt examination, and judged whether there was any abnormality through this examination. This is normal when the NT value is between 2.5 mm and less than 3.0 mm. If it exceeds 3.0, recheck it to see if it is widened, and then do chromosome examination to see if it is a congenital genetic disease.
Second, pregnancy 16 weeks-Down's screening.
Down's screening is to extract pregnant women's serum, detect the concentrations of alpha-fetoprotein and chorionic gonadotropin in serum, and then calculate the risk coefficient of Down's syndrome by combining the expected date of delivery, age, weight and gestational age of pregnant women. If Down's screening results show high risk, it needs to be diagnosed by non-invasive DNA and amniocentesis.
Third, non-invasive DNA and amniocentesis pregnancy 16-20 weeks.
Peripheral blood of pregnant women was collected and then free DNA was extracted. Through the examination of the equipment, whether the fetus has chromosome aneuploidy, such as Bowden syndrome, 18 trisomy and 13 trisomy, noninvasive DNA is characterized by no risk of abortion and high accuracy.
With the help of ultrasonic instructions, the doctor pointed a slender puncture needle at the mother's abdomen and uterine wall to extract amniotic fluid, and then analyzed and evaluated the amniotic fluid, and finally concluded whether the fetus was developing normally. The accuracy of amniotic fluid puncture reached 99%. After amniocentesis, pay attention to wearing and resting, and don't be stimulated in the abdomen. If the amniotic fluid leaks, go to the hospital in time.
Fourth, 20-24 weeks of pregnancy-long ovulation period.
Pregnant mothers go to the hospital for three-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound and four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound to check fetal malformation. Three-dimensional and four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound can see various fetal structures. If the examination is abnormal, then the pregnant mother and Bao Dad should be prepared psychologically. There are hidden dangers in the fetus. Whether the child will go or stay should be decided in time, and it cannot be delayed.
During pregnancy, pregnant mothers should do a good job in prenatal examination in time, because at each stage, the brain development of the fetus is different, and each examination is at the specified time, such as a large amount of ovulation. If you don't check until 28 weeks, you can't check too much amniotic fluid.
I am a multi-platform parenting author, focusing on the field of parenting for many years. Welcome to pay attention and update more parenting knowledge later! ! !
I have a classmate whose boss is a child with cerebral palsy. Although he has cerebral palsy, he is not so bad that he cannot take care of himself and go to school.
When the child was about three years old, I went to his house to play. The child wears corrective shoes on his left foot, and occasionally walks on the ground with a limp. He shouted without warning, with a slightly strange smile on his face, which lasted for a long time. In short, he is an abnormal child at first sight.
I asked my classmates how they found out that the child was cerebral palsy. The classmate said that when the child stood with his baby in his arms for five months, he found that the child had been landing on his toes and his heel was weak, so he went to the hospital for examination. After investigation, it was cerebral palsy. She said that she remembered that the cause of the disease might be intrauterine hypoxia in the third trimester. The doctor asked her to take oxygen for a month, but she only took it for a week, which caused the child to suffer from severe intrauterine hypoxia.
After the discovery, I started a daily rehabilitation training, which cost a lot of money and parents put a lot of energy into it.
Later, children also attended kindergartens and primary schools on time. As for how they performed in school and how they recovered, they rarely asked when they called their classmates. They always think that asking is to mention other people's sad things.
Only once did a classmate call in the middle of the night and cry bitterly, saying that he never basked in children in a circle of friends. He held the child in his arms when he went out to play, and didn't want others to see that his child was abnormal. He said that his husband cried when he was drunk, and he had to work hard to make money so as to leave more money for his children. He said that he didn't expect his children to learn a skill and support themselves when they grow up.
At that time, I was still single and not a mother. I could only give her superficial comfort and listen to her vent some inner pressure.
Later, when I was pregnant, I often used this as a warning, telling myself that the amniotic fluid was extremely low in the third trimester, and there was no prescription from a doctor. I went to the community hospital to take oxygen every day. This tragedy can't happen again.
Therefore, parents with newborns at home must observe more, find early treatment, and prepare for long-term struggle once found.
After pregnancy, the health of the fetus has become the mother's biggest concern, fearing that her food, clothing, housing and transportation will hurt her baby. Although she is closest to the baby, she can't see or touch it through her stomach.
For pregnant mothers now, prenatal examination is essential, and the importance of prenatal examination is self-evident. So how many weeks does it take for prenatal examination to find out that there is something wrong with the fetal brain? After three months of pregnancy, you can check NT, at four to five months, you need to check Tang sieve and amniocentesis, and at six months, you need to check for big abnormalities and do prenatal examination regularly. These tests can monitor whether the baby's body is abnormal and the specific situation of growth and development.
As long as pregnant mothers have regular check-ups, there will generally be no problems, so don't worry too much. If you are too nervous and anxious, it is not good for pregnancy.
I don't know much about medical problems.
A few weeks after the fetal brain begins to develop. Brain development needs a waiting process, and when the baby's brain is well developed, what parents need to do is to learn. Let's take a look at the brain development of the fetus in a few weeks!
1, 8 weeks before pregnancy (2 months before pregnancy)
Generally speaking, the development of fetal brain begins about 4 weeks after fertilization, and by the eighth week of pregnancy, the fetus has been formed. At this time, it has changed from an embryo to a fetus. So around the eighth week of pregnancy, it is also the time when the brain has a basic prototype.
2, 20 weeks pregnant (pregnant in May)
About 20 weeks of pregnancy is the stage of the development of the nervous system such as fetal vision and hearing, and the development of brain cells will become more and more complicated, which is also the period of fetal movement. Therefore, during this period, his mother can give him proper prenatal education, which can effectively promote the brain development of the fetus.
3, 30 weeks pregnant (pregnant in July)
About 30 weeks after pregnancy, that is, in July, fetal brain nerve development neurons will continue to develop. Moreover, the synapses of neurons will be further stimulated and developed, laying an important foundation for the development of children's brains.
How many weeks does the fetal brain begin to develop? Fetal brain development is very important, especially for the baby's later life. It is very helpful to prepare for education and eat more things beneficial to brain development in diet. When we are pregnant, the baby's brain is actually developing, so we must start preparing from that time.
Only if the fetal head is abnormal, too big or too small can we feel whether it is easy to cerebral palsy.
Cerebral palsy is generally accompanied by dystocia, amniotic fluid asphyxia, cerebral hemorrhage and long labor process.