The thyroid gland is shaped like a butterfly and shield, hence its name. It plays an important role in the human body, and it must not be underestimated! It can secrete thyroid hormone, affect the growth and development of the body, maintain the normal metabolism of the body and regulate the cardiovascular system. It mainly plays a regulatory role through thyroid hormone. Therefore, if we understand the pharmacological action and clinical application of thyroid hormone, we will understand its importance.
Thyroid hormone and human health
(1) influences the growth and development of the body:
Thyroid hormone can promote the growth of long bones, the division of neurons, the formation of axonal dendrites and the growth of myelin sheath and glial cells. Without the secretion of thyroid hormone, the maturity of bones and the development of brain will be damaged, leading to mental retardation and short stature (cretinism). In a word, thyroid hormone is necessary for normal growth, development and maturity of the body.
(2) affect the body's metabolism:
Thyroid hormone can accelerate the oxidation of substances in the body and increase the oxygen consumption and heat production of tissues and organs. Thyroid hormone can promote the absorption of monosaccharide, increase the decomposition of glycogen and the oxidative utilization of sugar, and make blood sugar unchanged or slightly increase; Accelerate fatty acid oxidation to provide energy and accelerate cholesterol degradation; Accelerate the synthesis of protein in muscle, liver, kidney, bone and other tissues, and reduce urine nitrogen, which is beneficial to the growth and development of the body in childhood. In addition, sodium ions and chloride ions will be retained, intercellular fluid will increase, and a large number of mucins will be deposited in subcutaneous tissues, resulting in mucinous edema.
(3) Cardiovascular effects:
Hyperthyroidism can lead to tachycardia, myocardial hypertrophy and increased pulse pressure; Bradycardia, increased peripheral vascular resistance, increased cardiac output and decreased pulse pressure may occur during hypothyroidism.
Three common thyroid diseases:
Thyroid hormone is mainly used for the replacement treatment of hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism is a disease caused by decreased synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone or insufficient physiological function, which leads to decreased metabolism of the body.
(1) Dementia (Curtin's disease): Congenital thyroid dysfunction or iodine deficiency during brain development can hinder the development of nervous system, which is characterized by mental retardation and short stature. If the diagnosis can be made soon after birth and continuous treatment is given, the development can still return to normal.
(2) Myxoedema: When the thyroid function of adults is low, the secretion of thyroid hormone is reduced, the basal metabolic rate is reduced, and severe fever is reduced, which is manifested as depression, slow action, fatigue, chills and other symptoms. Pathologically, mucopolysaccharide accumulates in tissue skin, leading to mucinous edema.
(3) Simple goiter: iodine deficiency should be supplemented. If there is no obvious reason, appropriate amount of thyroid hormone can be given to supplement the deficiency of endogenous hormone, inhibit the excessive secretion of thyroid hormone and relieve the compensatory hyperplasia and hypertrophy of thyroid tissue.
To sum up, we can see that the thyroid gland, as one of the most important glands in the human body, secretes thyroid hormone which is very important to the body. If the thyroid function is in a state of hyperactivity or passive slack, it will directly lead to too much or too little thyroid hormone, and various symptoms of the human body will be immediately reflected. Under the guidance of endocrinologists, it is necessary to restore the normal function of thyroid through drugs and other means, so that the human body can live a healthy life.
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