Source: Sohu Health Forum
Page 1 Page: Constipation Page 2: Diarrhea Page 3: bloody stool Page 4: black stool or oily stool Page 5: white mud stool Page 6: How to keep the stool normal
The defecation habit of normal people is mostly 1-2 times/day or 1-2 times/day, and the feces are mostly irregular or soft. A few people can defecate three times a day or once every 3-4 days. The stool is semi-formed or sausage-like hard stool, but it is not dry. The color of stool is generally yellow, but it has a lot to do with diet. For example, eating more vegetables can be brownish green, and eating more meat can be brownish black. In addition, it is also related to drug abuse. Therefore, the defecation of normal people varies greatly from person to person. As long as there is no defecation discomfort and physical discomfort, the number of defecation has not changed significantly recently, and the change of defecation color and shape is normal, so don't worry.
If abnormal defecation occurs recently, such as constipation, diarrhea, bloody stool, bloody stool with mucus purulent, black tarry stool or white clay stool, etc. These alarm signals need special attention, and will be introduced separately below.
Constipation: It is the most common symptom of digestive system. Feces stay in the colon for too long, and the water is reduced, which makes them dry and hard and difficult to discharge.
Common reasons:
1) Too little fiber in the diet, or too little food intake, can not effectively stimulate the gastrointestinal tract, gastrointestinal peristalsis slows down, leading to constipation.
2) When the gastrointestinal tract is obstructed, its contents can't pass normally, and constipation occurs when it stays in the stomach or intestine, such as pyloric obstruction and intestinal obstruction, among which the elderly pay special attention to constipation caused by tumor obstruction or stenosis.
3) The stress function of colon decreased. Under normal circumstances, colon contents can stimulate the colon to cause peristalsis. When the stress of the colon, especially the rectum, decreases, although feces enter the rectum, it cannot cause defecation and defecation. It is very common for the elderly to take laxatives orally for a long time, or for young people to be nervous at work and neglect convenience. In addition, hyperthyroidism and hypercalcemia can also cause constipation. )
4) There are anal diseases such as anal fissure, hemorrhoid and perianal abscess. Constipation is caused by severe pain in defecation, also called difficulty in defecation.
5) Mental factors, mental stress or depression, inhibiting natural defecation reflex can produce and develop into severe constipation.
6) Some parenteral diseases can also cause constipation, such as hypokalemia, hypothyroidism and Parkinson's disease.
7) Long-term oral administration of certain drugs can also cause constipation, such as gastric mucosal protective agents: Smecta, Livzondole, antihypertensive drugs calcium antagonists, etc.
When constipation occurs, in addition to gastrointestinal peristalsis test, defecography or colonoscopy, pay attention to further examination of blood routine, routine addition of occult blood and thyroid function.
Source: Global Times-Life Weekly Author: Li Huiming
Constipation refers to the reduction of stool frequency, which can cause abdominal distension, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, restless sleep for a long time, hemorrhoids, bloody stool and anal fissure. Constipated people should not only drink more water and exercise properly, but also develop correct eating habits. The food should not be too fine, and you should eat more high-fiber food. Dietary fiber is an important factor to make intestinal function normal. In the intestine, it can absorb water, increase the volume and weight of feces, stimulate intestinal peristalsis and assist fecal excretion. In addition to celery and leek, mung bean sprouts, konjac and Wuta cuisine also have a good effect on preventing constipation:
Mung bean sprouts:
Modern medical research shows that mung bean sprouts not only contain protein, fat, sugar, dietary fiber and various vitamins, but also produce rich vitamin C during germination (dried mung beans do not contain vitamin C). The laxative effect of mung bean sprouts has long been recorded in ancient Chinese medicine books: mung bean sprouts are cool and sweet, which can not only clear away heat and relieve summer heat, dredge meridians, but also regulate five internal organs and benefit damp heat. Suitable for fever, polydipsia and constipation. Green bean sprouts should be quickly fried with strong fire, and vinegar should be added when frying, which can not only reduce the loss of B vitamins, but also remove the fishy smell of beans. Stir-fried leek or cold salad has a good therapeutic effect on constipation. When mung bean sprouts are on the market, be careful not to buy those that are too long, too fat and smell of ammonia, which may be catalyzed by chemical fertilizers. In addition, mung bean sprouts are cold, and people with spleen and stomach deficiency should not eat more.
Amorphophallus konjac:
Also known as Shao tou, taro, etc. Is a traditional plant food in China. From the point of view of nutrition, konjac is a food with low energy, low protein, low vitamins and high dietary fiber. The main effective component is glucomannan, which belongs to soluble hemicellulose. It can absorb water, increase fecal volume, improve intestinal flora, ferment intestinal bacteria to produce lower fatty acids, stimulate intestinal peristalsis, and is beneficial to defecation. Relevant research of West China University of Medical Sciences shows that eating konjac can increase the water content of feces, shorten the time of food movement and defecation in the intestine, and increase the number of bifidobacteria (intestinal beneficial bacteria). In addition, it has the effects of lowering blood sugar, blood pressure, blood fat and weight. It is worth noting that raw konjac is toxic and must be boiled for more than 3 hours before eating. It is not advisable to eat too much at one time.
Uta cuisine:
Also known as broken cabbage and black and white cabbage, it is a variety of Chinese cabbage. Its leaves are dark green and tender, so it is named after the ground collapses. Mainly distributed in the Yangtze River valley of China. Wuta cuisine planted in autumn is famous for its sweetness after frost and snow. It is regarded as a treasure in Chinese cabbage, because it contains a lot of dietary fiber, calcium, iron, vitamin C, vitamin B 1, vitamin B2, carotene and so on. It is also called "vitamin" vegetable. Among them, dietary fiber has a good effect on preventing and treating constipation. Chinese medicine as early as in the "Edible Materia Medica" recorded: "Wuta cuisine is sweet, flat and non-toxic. It can moisten the intestines and relieve constipation, and soothe the liver and benefit the five internal organs. " Eating Wuta vegetables regularly can also enhance the body's disease resistance and make the skin healthy. Wuta cuisine tastes fresh and crisp, which is most suitable for cooking. Stir-fry or stir-fry ham with shredded pork will do.
Diarrhea: refers to frequent defecation, and the amount of feces increases, the amount of water increases, the feces become thinner, and it contains abnormal ingredients, such as undigested food, mucus, purulent blood and exfoliated intestinal mucosa.
Diarrhea can be divided into two categories:
1) Exudative diarrhea is divided into two categories: infectious diarrhea: common diseases are dysentery, enteritis and intestinal tuberculosis. Non-infectious diarrhea, common diseases are inflammatory bowel disease, colon cancer, ischemic colitis, nicotinic acid deficiency and so on.
2) Osmotic diarrhea, the common causes are indigestion, malabsorption, mesenteric lymphatic obstruction, etc.
3) Secretory diarrhea is divided into two categories: infectious diarrhea: common in cholera, pathogenic Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, Salmonella and other infections. Non-infectious diarrhea: common heart failure, cirrhosis, portal hypertension, constrictive pericarditis, etc.
4) Intestinal dyskinesia is common in nervous diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome and hyperthyroidism.
Diarrhea should be checked: stool routine and stool culture plus drug sensitivity. Electrolyte, liver function, blood routine, intestinal absorption function test, gastrointestinal barium meal X-ray examination, colonoscopy, etc.
Blood in stool: refers to blood discharged from anus, mainly from lower digestive tract, including small intestine, open field, ileum, colon and anus. Common in:
1) Perianal diseases. Hemorrhoids, anal fistula, anal fissure.
2) Small intestine diseases: diverticulum, tumor, polyp, tuberculosis, Crohn's disease, acute necrotizing enteritis, etc.
3) Colorectal diseases: bacillary dysentery, amebic dysentery, ulcerative colitis, polyps, colon cancer, etc.
4) Systemic diseases. Such as allergic purpura, primary thrombocytopenic purpura, typhoid fever and epidemic hemorrhagic fever.
Routine laboratory examination, tumor marker examination, colonoscopy, X-ray barium radiography, selective arteriography, radionuclide examination, etc. Do it when there is blood in the stool. If you have a large amount of stool, dizziness, palpitation, sweating or syncope, it may be a massive hemorrhage in the digestive tract. Be sure to come to the hospital quickly. So as not to delay treatment.
4. Black stool or tarry stool: When the upper digestive tract bleeds, red blood cells are destroyed by gastric juice to form iron sulfide, which stimulates the small intestine to secrete too much mucus to form a sticky, dark and shiny stool. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding can occur in 50~75ml, and occult blood test is strongly positive, and bleeding can be more than 500ml after 2~3 days. If the bleeding speed is fast, it can turn into dark red stool, which needs special attention.
Black stool can also be excreted when taking activated carbon, iron and bismuth, but it is dark and obscure. If you eat more animal blood or liver, you may have a false positive for occult blood.
Common diseases of melena: gastroduodenal ulcer, acute gastric mucosal lesion, gastric mucosal tear, esophageal and gastric fundus vascular rupture bleeding, biliary tract bleeding, etc.
When there is black stool. Be sure to come to the hospital, check stool routine plus occult blood, blood routine, liver function, gastroscope, and mesenteric angiography if necessary.
5. White mud stool: For various reasons, bile duct obstruction reduces or reduces bilirubin entering the intestine, resulting in a corresponding decrease in fecal bile or a gray stool. Common in gallstones, cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer and so on.
When white stool appears, blood routine, urine routine, liver function, abdominal B-ultrasound and upper abdominal CT should be examined.
6. Mucinous purulent bloody stool: When the colon has lesions, such as dysentery, ulcerative colitis, localized enteritis, colon cancer or rectal cancer, patients may have mucinous purulent bloody stool. The amount of pus or blood depends on the type and degree of inflammation. Amoeba dysentery is mainly blood, and bacillary dysentery is mainly mucopurulent blood.
When mucus purulent bloody stool appears, pay attention to routine examination of stool plus occult blood, blood routine, stool culture, ESR and colonoscopy.
How to keep the stool normal:
1. Keep a good attitude, a bad mood will affect the stomach.
2. Strengthening physical exercise can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis.
3. Eat a reasonable diet and eat more fruits, vegetables and foods rich in cellulose.
4. Drink plenty of water.
5. Develop good defecation habits and defecate regularly.