Meningitis (meningitis) is a common respiratory infectious disease, and sporadic cases often occur. At present, the newly discovered group C meningococci are prevalent in some areas of China, which are divided into 13 groups. As long as we pay attention to self-protection in our daily life, the infection rate can be greatly reduced.
At present, it has entered the high season of respiratory infectious diseases such as meningitis. With the approach of winter and the increase of personnel flow, it is easy to cause the spread of these diseases, and the preventive measures mainly include the following points:
1 Pay attention to ventilation, try to avoid going to crowded and poorly ventilated public places and not visiting patients.
Maintain personal hygiene, get more sunshine and wash your hands before meals.
The diet should be reasonable, and eating a few cloves of garlic raw during meals is also an economical and practical preventive method.
Avoid overwork, pay attention to rest and exercise, and improve physical resistance.
Vaccination of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis vaccine as soon as possible is the best way to prevent epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis.
6. Strengthen disease monitoring, so as to achieve early detection, early reporting, early diagnosis, early isolation of meningococcal bacteria, and early treatment of patients nearby.
When epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis occurs, the epidemic spot should be disinfected. If the epidemic occurs in crowded places such as schools, environmental sanitation, personal hygiene and ventilation should be done well. Do a good job in health promotion during the epidemic and try to avoid large gatherings and group activities. Don't take children to public places, don't take children to public places, and wear masks when going out.
8. Drug prevention: Sulfonamides are still used in China. Close contacts can use iodopyrimidine (SD), 2g/ day for adults, with the same amount of sodium bicarbonate taken twice for 3 days. The daily dose for children is 100mg/kg. During the epidemic of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, everyone has: ① fever with headache; ② listlessness; ③ Acute pharyngitis; (4) Two of the four items, such as skin and oral mucosal bleeding, can be treated with enough sulfonamides, which can effectively reduce the incidence and prevent the epidemic. Prevention with rifampicin or minocycline abroad. Rifampicin is 600mg daily for 5 days, and the daily dose for children aged 1- 12 is 10mg/kg.
9 vaccine prevention: at present, two groups of capsular polysaccharide vaccines, A and C, are widely used at home and abroad. The protection rate of group A polysaccharide vaccine purified by ultracentrifugation was 94.9%, and the average antibody titer increased by 14. 1 fold after immunization. Polysaccharide vaccine is still used as "emergency" prevention in China. In June 5438+0-February, if the incidence of meningococcal meningitis is greater than10/100000, or the incidence is higher than the same period of last year, vaccination can be carried out in the population.