symptom
(1) Acute rumen distension
Usually, they get sick soon after eating a lot of fermentable feed, and even some of them suddenly stand still and stop eating, their appetite disappears and their clinical symptoms develop rapidly.
At the beginning of the disease, he was restless, depressed, conjunctival congestion and vasodilation around the cornea. Looking back at the abdomen, the abdominal circumference expands rapidly. Rumen contraction first increased, then weakened or disappeared, and paraumbilical fossa was prominent. The abdominal wall is tense and elastic, and there is drumming sound during percussion.
Difficulty in breathing. With the expansion of rumen, the diaphragm is compressed, breathing is hard and hard, and even the head and neck are extended and the mouth is extended to breathe, and the number of breaths increases to more than 60 times/minute. Palpitation, rapid pulse, the pulse rate can reach 100 ~ 120 times/minute or more. Late stage of heart failure, weak pulse and critical condition.
Foamy abdominal distension, common foaming saliva from the mouth reflux or jet. During rumen puncture, only a small amount of gas can be discharged intermittently. Rumen fluid gushes upward with the tight contraction of rumen wall, which blocks the puncture needle hole and is difficult to discharge.
Heart failure, blood circulation disorder, venous dilatation, dyspnea, mucosal cyanosis, dark blue breast skin, photophobia, hyperhidrosis, occasional subcutaneous emphysema on shoulder and back, unstable standing, stumbling gait, frequent sudden fall to the ground, spasm, convulsion, suffocation and cardiac paralysis.
(2) Chronic rumen swelling
Mostly caused by secondary factors, the condition is relaxed, the rumen is moderately swollen, sometimes it rises and falls, and it often happens repeatedly after eating or drinking. Usually it is non-foam flatulence, which flattens again after puncture and exhaust, and the rumen contraction movement is normal or weakened, and the puncture needle rotates with rumen contraction. The gas of the veal steak has obvious sour taste. The disease develops slowly, the appetite and rumination decrease, and the aquatic plants become thinner later and thinner gradually. The production performance decreased, and the milk yield of dairy cows decreased significantly.
(3) course of disease and prognosis
The course of primary acute rumen bloating is rapid. If not treated in time, you will suffocate and die within a few hours. Cases with mild illness can be cured quickly and have a good prognosis if treated in time. However, some cases recurred after treatment, and the prognosis was suspicious.
Chronic rumen bloating can last for weeks to months. Because of the different etiology, the prognosis is also different. Secondary to gastric weakness, the primary disease was cured and chronic abdominal distension disappeared. Secondary to traumatic reticular peritonitis, abdominal organ adhesion, tumor and other diseases, long-term treatment can not be cured, poor prognosis.
diagnose
Acute rumen distension, acute condition. According to the medical history, it is not difficult to diagnose the disease because of eating a lot of fermentable feed, abdominal distension, left lateral lumbar fossa protrusion, blood circulation disorder and extremely difficult breathing. Chronic abdominal distension, relaxation and repeated gas production. It varies with the primary disease and can also be diagnosed by etiological analysis.
treat cordially
The disease is developing rapidly, so it is necessary to rescue the sick animals in time. Only by taking effective emergency measures to exhaust gas and reduce inflation can sick animals be saved. Therefore, the principle of treatment focuses on relieving qi, preventing glycolysis, regulating qi and relieving flatulence, invigorating heart and fluid, invigorating stomach and promoting digestion, so as to facilitate the rehabilitation process.
At the early stage of the disease, the head and neck of the sick animal were lifted, and the abdomen was massaged moderately with the straw handle to promote the elimination of gas in the rumen. At the same time, 20 ~ 30ml of turpentine, 65,438+00 ~ 65,438+05g of fish fat, 30 ~ 50ml of 95% alcohol and 600 ~ 65,438+0000ml of 8% magnesium oxide solution are taken orally once, which has the effect of reducing swelling.
In severe cases, when there is a danger of suffocation, first apply trocar to puncture and deflate rumen to prevent suffocation. No foam abdominal distension, dilute hydrochloric acid10 ~ 30 ml should be used after deflation; Or fish fat 15 ~ 25g, 95% alcohol 100 ml, water1000ml; Also can use quicklime water1000 ~ 3000ml. After deflation, 50 ~ 100 ml of 0.25% procaine solution and penicillin 100 million units were injected into rumen, and the effect was good.
In order to eliminate foam and bloating, it is advisable to use surfactant drugs, such as dimethyl silicone oil, 2 ~ 2.5 grams of cattle; 0.5 ~ 1.0g for sheep or 30 ~ 60 pieces for cattle, with quick effect. In fact, 300 ml of rapeseed oil, soybean oil, peanut oil or sesame oil and 500 ml of warm water are used to make an oil emulsion for oral use; You can also use 30 ~ 40ml of turpentine, 500 ~ 1000ml of liquid paraffin, and a proper amount of ordinary water, all of which have defoaming effect once taken orally.
In addition, the rumen was washed with 2% ~ 3% sodium bicarbonate solution to adjust the pH value of rumen contents. If it is caused by eating Chinese milk vetch by mistake, 200-300g of salt and 4000-6000ml of ordinary water can be taken orally, all of which have the effects of stopping fermentation and relieving bloating. In order to eliminate rumen contents and glycolytic substances, salt or oil laxatives can be used (see rumen food accumulation for dosage and usage); Or subcutaneous injection of pilocarpine 0.02 ~ 0.05g or neostigmine 0.0 1 ~ 0.02g can excite parasympathetic nerve and promote rumen peristalsis, which is beneficial to rumination and belching.
In the course of treatment, we should pay attention to the whole body function, strengthen the heart and replenish fluid in time (refer to rumen food accumulation therapy) to improve the treatment effect.
However, it should be pointed out that when the foam swells and the drug treatment is ineffective, the rumen should be cut to take out the contents and treated according to the surgical requirements to prevent pollution. Practice has proved that good results can often be achieved. The surgical method is rumen incision. Inoculate rumen fluid, after removing rumen gas or performing rumen surgery, use 3 ~ 6 liters of healthy rumen fluid of cattle, and apply appropriate amount of penicillin or oxytetracycline into rumen to improve the control effect.
For mild cases, you can also make the sick cow stand on the slope, keep the posture of front high and back low, and constantly pull the tongue, or use a wooden stick to smear the solution of coal phenol soap in the mouth of the sick cow, and massage the rumen at the same time to promote gas elimination.
prevent
The prevention of this disease focuses on strengthening feeding management, enhancing the reactivity of anterior gastric nerve, promoting digestive function and maintaining its health level.
(1) Feed green hay, straw or crop straw one week before grazing or changing to green feed, and then graze or feed green feed to avoid sudden overfeeding.
(2) During grazing, attention should be paid to avoid eating leguminous plants before flowering; Grass fermented or soaked in rain and dew should be fed as little as possible to prevent flatulence.
(3) The gas production is related to the sugar content of pasture. The sugar content of leguminous plants such as alfalfa and milk vetch is higher in the afternoon than in the morning. Eating in the afternoon is easy to cause acute abdominal distension, so pay attention.
(4) Young forage grass is easy to ferment after eating, and should be mixed with hay after drying. There should be a limit to the amount of feeding. Cattle and sheep grazing should pay attention to rotational grazing in lush pastoral areas and barren grasslands to avoid overeating.
(5) Pay attention to feed storage, prevent mildew and deterioration, and appropriately limit the feeding of concentrate, especially powder residue, distiller's grains, sweet potatoes, potatoes and carrots. And it is not advisable to suddenly feed more, and you can't drink water immediately after feeding to prevent the disease.
(6) When cattle and sheep are kept in captivity, polyethylene oxide is given one or two days before grazing begins; Or 20-30g of polypropylene oxide and a small amount of soybean oil; 3 ~ 5 grams of sheep, put into drinking water, take orally, and then graze, which can prevent this disease.