"There is absolutely no scientific basis to question the discovery of this hazard," recalled lead researcher Philip Duffy, president and executive director of Woods Hole Research Center in Homs, Massachusetts, who said at the scene that the reasons for scientific hazards are stronger than ever. "[6] Unexpected effects of climate change.
What is the discovery of hazards? "The hazards first discovered were formed over a long period of time. It began when Massachusetts and other states sued the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) during President Bush's administration, demanding that EPA regulate greenhouse gas emissions. In 2007, the Supreme Court ruled that the US Environmental Protection Agency not only has the right to regulate greenhouse gases according to the Clean Air Act, but also cannot refuse to regulate if these pollutants are found to be harmful to human beings. " The Supreme Court said that if you are sure that greenhouse gases are dangerous, then you must regulate them, "Duffy said. But, of course, the Supreme Court itself will not say whether greenhouse gases are dangerous. This is a scientific process and illegal. Therefore, the US Environmental Protection Agency made a scientific assessment of the danger and non-danger of greenhouse gases.
From June, 5438 to February, 2009, the United States Environmental Protection Agency released this report, which found that greenhouse gases do harm human health and welfare by causing climate change. Duffy said that US President Barack Obama used this discovery to implement new regulations, such as clean energy plan and stricter mileage standards for cars and light trucks. Duffy said that people inside and outside President Trump discussed the issue of overturning or censoring this endangered discovery. In response to these claims, Duffy and his colleagues decided to look at the scientific research published since the discovery of this hazard to see if this science has strengthened or weakened the causes of this hazard.
A new review in Science magazine classifies these findings into different categories: public health, air quality, agriculture, forests, water resources, sea level rise, infrastructure and wildlife. These four new categories include ocean acidification, national security, economic well-being and violence. The following is a more in-depth study of several of them. Researchers found that more than 200 cities in the United States
General situation of public health
As the future climate warms, the risk of premature death will increase. Extreme heat is related to lack of sleep, kidney calculi, low birth weight, violence and suicide. Exposure to ozone and other air pollutants, including smoke from forest fires, may be harmful to human health. Extreme weather events aggravated by climate change may lead to physical trauma, disease outbreak, medical service interruption and mental health problems. Rising temperatures and carbon dioxide levels will also increase the length of pollen season, which will affect allergic people. Some crops are expected to produce less nutrients. Population displacement and armed conflict will also increase the threat to human health. [The picture shows the horror scene of wildfire in California]
water resource
There is less snow on the mountains, and the west and southwest may experience more drought. Snowfall will reduce the flow of rivers, including rare and endangered species, such as salmon and wolverine. Due to the load of nutrients (such as fertilizer or animal manure), climate change is also expected to erode the water quality in the United States, especially in the Midwest and Northeast China.
sea level rise
Sea level rise will increase the risks of coastal communities, economy and infrastructure, mainly due to floods, erosion and extreme events. These effects may lead to displacement through "climate gentrification". In this case, people living in higher altitude areas own higher-priced real estate. The flow of goods between major port cities may also be affected, leading to economic chaos. Sea level rise may also disrupt the US military, as well as disaster and humanitarian relief work. National Security The existing security in the United States is likely to change with global warming. For example, in the Arctic, the decrease of sea ice will clear the way for more trade routes for oil and gas exploration in China and Russia, which may lead to tensions between these countries and the United States, the researchers wrote.
Economic prosperity
It is estimated that after 75 years, it will increase by 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit (1 degrees Celsius), and the gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States will drop by about 3% permanently. If the greenhouse effect is limited to 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit (1.5 degrees Celsius), it is estimated that the GDP of the United States will be 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit (2 degrees Celsius) higher than the pre-industrial level, which is about 4% higher. The researchers found that due to climate change, the economic burden of poorer countries is about five times that of richer countries.
Violence and instability
Rising temperatures and increasing rainfall will aggravate violence and instability. In the United States, higher temperatures are associated with higher rates of domestic violence, assault and murder. More and more evidence shows that climate warming may also increase the risk of self-harm, including suicide.
Duffy said that these findings "highlight the contrast between science and policy," said Jason Smorton, a climate scientist at the lamont Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University in new york. "The scientific evidence is moving in one direction, while the policy is moving in the opposite direction." He told Life Science magazine: "If you have been paying attention, the hazard discovery in 2009 is very reasonable, and it will only get stronger after that." This is basically a lot of evidence to support the facts. People have clearly linked the climate change we caused with the downstream impacts.
This comment also clearly shows that climate change will affect everyone, not just people in distant areas.
These reports all point out that each of us will be affected by climate change in different ways. "It will be in all our backyards," Smerdon said. This is not a distant thing.
This review was published in the online edition of Science magazine yesterday (65438+February 65438+March).
The reality of climate change: 10 The myth has broken down the top ten ways to destroy the earth: melting: photos before and after glaciers were first published in Life Science magazine.