For a long time, agricultural science and technology service has been a research topic of great concern to scholars at home and abroad. With the rapid development of science and technology, how to better serve agricultural production and rural development has been discussed by more and more experts and scholars.
1 research status and enlightenment of agricultural science and technology services
Agricultural science and technology service is an important link between government departments, agricultural researchers and farmers. Different from the simple extension of agricultural science and technology in the past, agricultural science and technology service focuses on helping farmers to complete their decisions and practices related to agricultural production through "service". After entering the 2 1 century, scholars have made a deeper explanation of this concept. Some foreign scholars have expanded the scope of agricultural science and technology services to the transfer of agricultural development and management skills and the transfer of knowledge in crop production, market development, financial investment and other aspects besides the transfer of agricultural production technology.
In 200 1 year, the National Agricultural Technology Extension Center published "Foreign Agricultural Extension-Experience and Enlightenment of Twelve Countries", which summarized the general progress of agricultural science and technology services in the United States, Canada and other countries. Generally speaking, foreign agricultural science and technology services mostly adopt the bottom-up service mode, that is, libraries, comprehensive information service centers and rural information centers are widely built in rural areas, and information on scientific and technological development related to production technology and market changes related to the circulation of agricultural products and their accessories are connected to farmers through these service sites. Domestic scholars' research on agricultural science and technology services is similar to that of western scholars, but it also fully reflects the reality of China's agricultural development, and pays more attention to the organizational structure, infrastructure, policy support environment and other factors related to agricultural science and technology services, as well as the operating mechanism of multi-party social forces led by the government.
On the one hand, the necessity of agricultural science and technology service informatization and the urgency of constructing the organizational framework of agricultural science and technology service system are analyzed and summarized from the macro perspective and the national level. The common feature of these studies is that the traditional agricultural science and technology service institutions led by the government are listed as the most basic part, and various agricultural science and technology service institutions such as leading agricultural enterprises, cooperatives, agricultural science and technology demonstration parks and agricultural professional technology associations are added [2]. On the other hand, scholars have done a lot of research on local agricultural science and technology services. The main reason is that the knowledge, talents, funds and institutional experience of scientific and technological services have an inverted cone structure from the central to the local and then to the grassroots. However, at the level of farmers, the real target of agricultural scientific and technological services, the number of these elements is too small and the quality is too poor, which makes it difficult for many good ideas and policies to play a real role in the implementation process.
These research results are beneficial to the study of agricultural science and technology services in Tibet, but they cannot be copied completely. Foreign practices have the background of developed agriculture, which may not be suitable for the present situation of agricultural development in Tibet, and so are many domestic studies. For example, the development of leading agricultural enterprises, cooperatives and agricultural science and technology demonstration parks in Tibet is still very limited, and the future development space is also limited by geographical environment, natural climate and overall economic development. The knowledge, talents, funds, institutional experience and information technology mentioned in these studies have given us good enlightenment. How to distribute all kinds of resources more fairly, how to establish a service system more smoothly, and how to use modern information technology more effectively have all become problems that need to be further explored to improve the service level of agricultural science and technology in Tibet.
2 problems in agricultural science and technology services in Tibet
2. 1 Agricultural science and technology services have not promoted industrial production enough.
Agricultural industrialization is a modern industrial model of regional layout, specialized production, integrated management, socialized service and enterprise management of pillar industries in a certain region [3]. Agricultural industrialization in Tibet started late and has made great achievements in recent years. However, there are still some problems, such as imperfect industrial layout, unbalanced development in various regions and low scientific and technological content. Take Pure Land Health Industry, the representative of industrialization in Lhasa, Xizang Autonomous Region, as an example, its market mechanism has only achieved primary marketization, with small production scale and low commodity rate [4]. In addition, the original intention of many industrial projects is to support modern agricultural production technology, but due to the limitations of realistic geography, climate and soil conditions, the utilization of science and technology and services in many projects cannot be on the same track and cannot achieve the expected goals.
2.2 the intermediary link of agricultural science and technology services-the lack of effectiveness of science and technology commissioners.
Most of the science and technology commissioners in Tibet are composed of agricultural experts or villagers with a higher education level. They are different from the original science and technology commissioners from agricultural research institutes. They have more comprehensive agricultural technologies, many of which can only play a role in the basic technology of growing drugs. In addition, the current technical training for rural science and technology commissioners is not comprehensive enough, time is not enough, and technology is not deep enough. As a result, the science and technology commissioners in many places can't effectively complete the intermediary role of technology dissemination, and can't meet the job responsibilities of the science and technology commissioners put forward by the relevant departments of Xizang Autonomous Region government, such as introducing new varieties and technologies around regional characteristic industries such as high-yield planting; Use a variety of ways to carry out advanced and applicable technical training to improve the scientific and cultural quality and technical skills of local farmers; Use their own resources and information advantages to run the market, promote circulation and form a sales network.
2.3 Farmers' professional cooperatives failed to play the intermediary role of scientific and technological services.
The development of Tibetan farmers' professional cooperatives lacks unified policy guidance and effective standardized management. Many cooperatives have not been fully planned and designed, and their management system and development direction cannot be adjusted in time after their establishment. They generally lack the ability to improve their consciousness through scientific and technological strength, which is manifested in large quantity but low quality, low degree of socialization and specialization, insufficient market operation ability and weak market competitiveness. Secondly, farmers' professional cooperatives in rural areas are not connected with the interests of local farmers, and some scientific and technological elements of cooperatives cannot be radiated to farmers, making it difficult to play the intermediary role of science and technology extension services.
3 Countermeasures to improve the service level of agricultural science and technology in Tibet
Modern agriculture is different from the traditional agriculture of intensive cultivation or extensive cultivation, and the contribution rate of science and technology to agricultural growth is increasing. For Tibet, which is not rich in agricultural resources, the importance of science and technology is beyond doubt. Some agricultural provinces in China have surpassed the development stage characterized by machinery and chemical industry in agricultural science and technology, entered the development mode with biotechnology and information technology as the core, and formed a higher version of modern agriculture. However, the development of agricultural science and technology in Tibet cannot be limited to horseheads. We should base ourselves on local conditions, have a clear aim, gradually improve agricultural science and technology services and contribute to the development of modern agriculture in Tibet.
3. 1 develop multi-faceted scientific and technological services to meet the needs of agricultural industrialization development.
Many policies and regulations have been promulgated at the national level to promote the progress of agricultural science and technology and improve the service level of agricultural science and technology. Local governments should adjust measures to local conditions and introduce policies and measures conducive to the development of local agricultural science and technology. The policy orientation of agricultural science and technology service should adhere to the development of science and technology service industry, science and technology benefiting people's livelihood, innovation-driven development, overall allocation of resources and the construction of scientific and technological talents. Science and technology should serve agricultural industrialization in many ways. The institutionalization of agricultural science and technology services is also the process of building a service-oriented government and improving the public management system. The relationship between crop yield and economic benefits, short-term benefits and ecological environment should be handled well in service mode. From the supporting system of agricultural industry, science and technology service should be the supporting point of internalization. Science and technology should be used to enhance the foundation of agricultural production and the ecology of industrial development, to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products, and to cultivate leading enterprises with regional characteristics. From the external environment of agricultural industry, we should play the role of scientific and technological services from the perspective of urban-rural integration, and promote local urbanization while agricultural industrialization.
3.2 Improve the rural science and technology correspondent system, and give full play to the science and technology extension service function of the correspondent.
The system of science and technology commissioners is a three-point and one-line relationship among science and technology personnel, science and technology and farmers. Its core is to put modern production factors such as technology, talents, capital and management into the countryside through science and technology commissioners. Because most rural science and technology commissioners in Tibet adopt local training methods, the quality or ability of many commissioners can not meet the expected requirements of the system. The advantage of these local commissioners is that they are familiar with the actual situation in the local field. As long as they are retrained in a targeted manner, they can play the role of basic scientific and technological services. Secondly, we should vigorously support the technical talents, college graduates and enterprise technicians of agricultural research institutes to join the team of science and technology commissioners and enter the township comprehensive service centers, support the paid services of science and technology commissioners through projects such as science and technology entrepreneurship, comprehensive agricultural development and poverty alleviation through science and technology, broaden the channels for science and technology commissioners to participate in the distribution of technical factors, and improve the level of science and technology services in the vast rural areas through the linkage of township science and technology commissioners.
3.3 Strengthen the scientific and technological service capacity of agricultural cooperatives
From the annual central document 1, we can see that the state attaches importance to the development of agricultural cooperatives. After years of exploration, the development of agricultural cooperatives in Tibet has been greatly improved in quantity, but the overall development level is not high. From the source, many agricultural cooperatives were founded out of blind obedience, and they did not get all-round guidance such as industrial choice and operation mode at the establishment stage. This gives us the importance of proper government guidance. Policy guidance, intellectual assistance and financial support in the establishment, development, transformation and upgrading of agricultural cooperatives are important strategies to achieve better quality of various professional cooperatives.
This paper introduces the content of "Problems and Countermeasures in Agricultural Science and Technology Service". Welcome to Zhong Da for more information.
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