Orange peel is called dried tangerine peel in Chinese medicine, which is fragrant and dehumidified, which is good for the body. Look at the role of dried tangerine peel! I wish you happiness ...
[history]
Citrus pomelo was first published in Shen Nong's Classic of Materia Medica, and was listed as a top grade, a kind of orange peel. Tao Hongjing said, "Orange peel is a great cure for qi. It is better to use East orange, but it is not as good as Xijiang. It is better to use it for a long time." In the Yuan Dynasty, the king said, "It is better to keep dried tangerine peel red for a long time, hence the name". "Compendium of Materia Medica" lists tangerine peel as another name for yellow peel, and also lists green peel (i.e. green peel, see the item under green peel in this episode). Li Shizhen said, "The orange peel is warm, but the orange peel and grapefruit peel are cold, so be sure to know.". It means that they have different sexual interests and can't mix together.
[original plant]
There are many cultivated varieties of tangerine, including: Chazhi Citrus (Red Citrus) (Guangdong), Hong Ju [Fuju (Fujian), Hong Ju, Dahongpao (Sichuan), Chuanju (Hubei), Quju (Zhejiang)], Zhuju [September Yellow (Jiangxi), Zaoju (Zhejiang), Zaohong and Liao Hong (Zhejiang).
Citrus (C. Nobilis Lour. Delicious Ten. )-Rutaceae Rutaceae
Small evergreen trees or shrubs, 3 ~ 4 meters high, with weak branches, thorns or no thorns. Alternate leaves, simple leaves, compound leaves, petiole 0.5 ~ 1.5 cm long, inconspicuous wings, and nodes at the top; Leaf blade is lanceolate or elliptic, 4 ~ 1 1 cm long and 1.5 ~ 4 cm wide, the apex is tapered, slightly concave, the base is wedge-shaped, the whole margin is undulate, and there are inconspicuous obtuse serrations and translucent oil spots. Flowers solitary or several in branches and axils, white or reddish, stipitate; Calyx cup-shaped, 5-lobed, lobes triangular; 5 petals, rectangular, long 1 ~ 1.5 cm, rolled outward; Stamens 15 ~ 25, different in length, filaments often 3 ~ 5, equal to or slightly longer than stigma; Pistil 1, ovary round, stigma capitate. Citrus fruit is nearly round or oblate, with a transverse diameter of 4 ~ 7 cm, red, vermilion, yellow or orange. The peel is thin, loose and easy to peel, and the capsule is 7 ~ 12, which is easy to separate. The seeds are ovoid, with a sharp end, white, several to dozens, or none. Embryo is dark green and cotyledons are light green. The flowering period is from March to April, and the fruit 10- 12 is ripe.
Cultivated in hills, low mountains, rivers and lakes or plains.
Cultivated in Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan Province, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Shaanxi (South), Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other provinces.
[acquisition]
From September to June, 5438+February, ripe fruits were picked, peeled and dried. Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae is often peeled into several petals, the petals are connected, and some of them are split into irregular slices. Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae is often cut into three neat petals, the bases of which are connected.
[Medicinal Materials and Production and Marketing]
Chenpi, also known as orange peel, is produced in various orange-producing areas in China, and most of it is produced and sold by itself. Cantonese tangerine peel is mainly produced in Xinhui County, Guangdong Province, and is also used for export.
[chemical composition]
Orange fruit contains volatile oil, hesperidin, hesperidin and inositol. The volatile oil mainly contains limonene, α-pinene, β-pinene, β-phellandrene, p-cymene, α-terpinene, linalool and linalyl acetate. The pulp contains citric acid and reducing sugar.
Citrus contains volatile oil, the main components of which are limonene (about 80%), α-terpinene (about 6%), α-pinene, β-pinene, δ-elemene, α-pentadiene and α-pinene. α-Humulus alcohol acetate, 1, 8- menthadiene-10- alcohol acetate (1, 8- menthadiene-10/acetate), α-oleander.
α-Hop .................. α-Hopenol Ester ............ β-sesquiterpene.
[Identification of medicinal materials]
Trait recognition
1. The three petals of Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae are neat, the bases are connected, and the lobes roll outward, exposing the light yellow inner surface with round oil spots. The thickness of pericarp is less than 65438±0mm, and the outer surface is yellow-orange, red-orange or brownish-purple, which is shriveled and has many sunken oil spots. Light weight and easy to break. Strong smell, slightly spicy taste, slightly sweet and bitter taste.
2. Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae is often peeled into several petals, the bases are connected together, and some are broken into irregular pieces. The skin thickness is 0.5 ~ 1.5 mm, and the appearance is orange-red, yellow-brown to brown. After long storage, the color is dark, with fine wrinkles and small round oil spots. The inner surface is yellow and white. Hard and brittle. The smell is fragrant and the taste is spicy and bitter. (Left)
Among them, the thickness of dried tangerine peel is 0.5 ~ 1 mm, the outer surface is brownish red to brownish brown, and the inner surface is yellowish white; The thickness of dried tangerine peel is about 1mm, the outer surface is orange red to yellow orange, and the inner surface is yellow white. The tangerine peel is 1 ~ 1.5 mm thick, with orange-yellow outer surface and white inner surface.
It is best to have large tablets and strong fragrance.
Microscopic identification
1. Cross section of dried tangerine peel (thickness 0.8mm): the epidermis is 1 row of tiny square epidermal cells, surrounded by cuticle, with a thickness of 3 ~ 5 microns; With radial pores. The parenchyma cells in mesocarp are slightly thicker, the number of cells near epidermis is rectangular, elongated tangentially, and the inner cells are round, loosely arranged and unevenly thickened. The parenchyma cells contain calcium oxalate prism crystals and hesperidin crystals. The oil cavities are irregularly arranged in 1 ~ 2 rows (sometimes the oil cavities are located in the middle of the pericarp), oval or oval, with a radial length of 320 ~ 620 ~ 980μ m and a tangential length of 450 ~ 980 ~1250 μ m. Vascular bundles are scattered vertically and horizontally.
The upper surface of dried tangerine peel: schematic cross-sectional view (×23), and the lower surface: powder diagram (×340)
1 .stomata 2. Mesocarp cells and hesperidin crystals 3. Oil chamber debris 4. Parenchyma cells and calcium oxalate crystals. conduit
The powder is yellowish brown. Main features: (1) Epidermal cells are polygonal, square-like or rectangular with slightly thicker walls; The stomata are quasi-circular, with a diameter of 20 ~ 25 microns, and there are six subsidiary guard cells arranged radially. ⑵ Mesocarp cells are irregular in shape, and most of the walls are unevenly thickened, with a thickness of 3 ~ 5 microns, and a few are 8μm (measured without heating), and sometimes the walls are beaded or thickened. Cells contain hesperidin crystals. ⑶ Oil chamber fragments, secretory cells are oblate. ⑷ Calcium oxalate crystals are mostly prismatic, with a length of10 ~15 ~ 30μ m.. 5] Catheters and tracheids are mainly threaded, and there are reticular catheters with a diameter of 6 ~ 9 microns. ..
2. The dried tangerine peel powder is yellowish brown. The main characteristics are as follows: the yellow-brown epidermal cells are polygonal with slightly thicker walls; The stomata are round, 20 ~ 25 microns in diameter, and the guard cells are yellow-brown, with 6 ~ 8 secondary guard cells. ⑵ Mesocarp cells are round or oval, the wall is unevenly thickened, and the thickness is 2 ~ 3 microns ... (3) Oil chamber debris and oil droplets can be seen everywhere, yellow-brown. ⑷ The diameter of the threaded catheter and tracheid is 5 ~15μ m; The diameter of reticular duct is 9 ~ 2 1 μm 5], and the calcium oxalate crystals are mostly square, and the length is10 ~ 30μ m. [6] parenchyma cells contain hesperidin crystals.
Dried tangerine peel powder chart (×360)
1. Stomatal and epidermal cells. Mesocarp cells and hesperidin crystals.
3. Engine oil room 4. Catheter five. Thin-walled cells and calcium oxalate cubes
Physical and chemical identification
Preparation of TLC sample: Take 65438±0g of this product powder, add 5ml of methanol for cold soaking for more than 48h, filter, and use the filtrate for sampling. Adsorbent: silica gel G (Qingdao) was wet laid, and the glass plate was 23cm long, and it was left overnight (or baked at 105℃ for 2 hours) for later use. Sample 20 ~ 30μ l, and sample the standard. Developing agent: ethyl acetate-butanone-formic acid-water (5:3: 1: 1). The span is 20 cm. After unfolding, the fluorescent spots were observed under 254nm ultraviolet lamp.
Thin layer chromatography of dried tangerine peel
1 .sweet orange 2. Wenzhou tangerine 3. Zhu orange 4. Blood orange
[Sexual taste and efficacy]
Bitter, pungent and warm in nature. Has the functions of regulating qi, invigorating spleen, eliminating dampness and resolving phlegm. Used for chest fullness, belching, vomiting, loss of appetite and cough with excessive phlegm. The dosage is 3-9g.
【 Pharmacological Action and Clinical Application 】
Expectorant and antiasthmatic effects: The volatile oil of Chenpi (mainly limonene) has stimulating expectorant effect. Water decoction and ethanol extract were used for tracheal perfusion in rabbits. It was found that the perfusion speed was slightly faster, which seemed to dilate the trachea. Pericarpine has antiasthmatic effect in guinea pig trachea test in vitro and intravenous injection in anesthetized cats.
Effect on gastrointestinal smooth muscle: Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae volatile oil has slight stimulation on gastrointestinal tract, which can promote the secretion of digestive juice and eliminate intestinal pneumatosis. Both decoction and ethanol extract can inhibit the isolated intestinal movement of rabbits. The inhibitory effect of dried tangerine peel is weaker than that of adrenaline, but it is more lasting and can be antagonized by acetylcholine. The effect of hesperidin on isolated intestinal muscles is biphasic, first excited briefly, then inhibited. 0.5 ~ 1.5 mg/ml methyl hesperidin can completely inhibit the movement of isolated ileum in guinea pigs and isolated small intestine in rabbits.
Anti-gastric ulcer effect: subcutaneous injection of methyl hesperidin 100 or 500mg/kg/ day for 6 days has obvious inhibitory effect on experimental gastric ulcer.
Effects on heart: Chenpi decoction, ethanol extract and hesperidin can stimulate the contraction of frog heart in vitro and in vivo, but have little effect on heart rate, but they can be inhibited in large doses. According to Hunan Medical College, intravenous drip of methyl orange glycoside 40mg/kg can reduce coronary artery resistance, increase blood flow, lower blood pressure and slow heart rate for more than 30 minutes, but it has no obvious effect on myocardial oxygen consumption.
Choleretic effect: subcutaneous injection of methyl hesperidin 100 or 500mg/kg in anesthetized rats can increase the excretion of bile and bile solids.
Reduce capillary permeability: Hesperidin and methyl hesperidin can reduce capillary permeability, that is, they have vitamin P-like effects.
[attention]
Citrus (see "Green Peel" for plant morphology and chemical composition) is either a mixture of ripe orange peel and orange peel, or the orange peel is used as a dry orange peel alone, which is called citrus peel. It is reported that its action property is the same as that of orange peel, and its drug efficacy is slightly lower than that of orange peel, so it is proved that both of them have the same components of raising blood pressure, exciting heart, inhibiting gastrointestinal and uterine movements and inhibiting urine. This product has a faint fragrance.
enclose herewith
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2. Orange pit: an orange, ovoid or ovoid seed with a short mouth-shaped protrusion at one end, a long diameter of 7 ~ 14 mm and a transverse diameter of 4 ~ 7 mm ... The seed coat is yellow-brown, yellowish or grayish white, smooth, with a ridged line on one side, extending from the hilum to the chalazal point, brittle and easy to peel; After peeling off the exocarp, you can see that the light brown membranous endosperm clings to the inner surface of the exocarp. Cotyledon 2, fat and oily, light green, multi-embryo or single-embryo. (under the photo) gas oil. Bitter taste, flat nature. Has the functions of regulating qi, resolving hard mass and relieving pain. Used for hernia, testicular swelling and pain, breast swelling and pain, and lumbago. The dosage is 3-9g.
Clinical study on the treatment of acute mastitis with orange pit.