Brief introduction of medical sage Zhang Zhongjing: Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of Golden Chamber.

& gt Zhang Zhongjing >; ? Zhang Zhongjing (date of birth and death unknown) was a medical scientist at the end of Han Dynasty. Famous machine, Nanyang County (now Nanyang, Henan Province). According to legend, he is the magistrate of Changsha. At that time, typhoid fever was prevalent and many people died. He studied Neijing, Difficult Classic and Medical Records of Fetal Swelling, extensively collected effective prescriptions, and wrote Treatise on Febrile Diseases. His works were collected many times by later generations, and became Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, which discussed exogenous fever and miscellaneous diseases in internal medicine respectively. Advocate the principle of "differentiation of six meridians" and "treatment based on differentiation of symptoms and signs", expound the differential treatment of cold and heat, excess and deficiency, exterior and interior, yin and yang, and the treatment methods of sweating, vomiting, diarrhea, warming, clearing and harmonizing, and summarize the medical experience before the Han Dynasty, which has made great contributions to the development of traditional Chinese medicine. & gt& gt Zhang Zhongjing has been studious since childhood, reading extensively and mastering a wealth of knowledge. At that time, scholars were thinking about how to be an official and didn't care about the sufferings of the people. Zhang Zhongjing looked down upon such a scholar. At that time, superstition prevailed, and people did not seek medical treatment when they were sick, but believed that wizards could cure diseases. Zhang Zhongjing was determined to be a doctor from an early age to relieve the pain of the villagers. To this end, he worshipped Zhang Bozu, a famous doctor in the same county, as a teacher and learned the skill of saving lives. A few years later, he treated people in the village. When Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing was elected as an official and has been the magistrate of Changsha. He is an honest official and has done many good things for the people. & gt& gt At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, due to frequent wars and epidemics, many people fell ill and died. Zhang Zhongjing's family has more than 200 people. In less than ten years, fifty or sixty people died, and seven out of ten died of typhoid fever. At that time, typhoid fever included acute infectious diseases such as cholera, pneumonia, dysentery and influenza. At that time, most doctors had no effective treatment for the epidemic, so thousands of people died of typhoid fever. In order to save people's suffering, Zhang Zhongjing made up his mind to find a cure for typhoid fever. He summed up his experience in treating people, recorded all the symptoms of typhoid fever in detail, and asked the patient carefully about the cause of typhoid fever and the changes after taking the medicine. After a period of hard work, Zhang Zhongjing finally summed up a set of methods for diagnosis, treatment and medication of typhoid fever. He believes that typhoid fever has a gradual development process from the initial stage to the critical stage, and different patients should be treated differently at different stages. Some patients need to make him sweat, while others can't. Some patients should let him have diarrhea, and some patients should never have diarrhea; Some patients can use acupuncture, while others can never use moxibustion. & gt& gt Zhang Zhongjing said: "If a patient who should not sweat takes antiperspirants, it will exhaust the patient's body fluid and ruin his life; The patient who should sweat will not let him take medicine to sweat, which will block the patient's pores and suffocate him. Patients who shouldn't have diarrhea eat laxatives, which will make patients die of intestinal opening; The patient who should have diarrhea refuses to accept the medicine for diarrhea, which will make him sick, upset, swollen and die. Patients with improper moxibustion will make the patient's fire evil enter the abdomen, aggravate the condition and die; Moxibustion patients without moxibustion will block the meridians of patients and cannot dissipate and die. "In short, to treat people, we must find out the cause of the patient, to what extent the disease has developed, and what medicine we have taken. Only by understanding these situations clearly can we prescribe the right medicine and get rid of the disease. & gt& gt In order to find out the situation of all patients, Zhang Zhongjing opposed the routine and hasty practices of doctors at that time. He said: "Human life is a matter of concern, so we must be cautious in treating diseases and saving lives." Zhang Zhongjing treats people and makes good use of the four diagnoses of looking, smelling, asking and cutting, which were invented as early as the period. Looking is to observe the patient's color, smelling is to listen carefully to the voice of the patient's speech and breathing, and at the same time ask the patient's self-feeling and diet, and press the patient's hand pulse from light to heavy. Zhang Zhongjing believes that only by making good use of the four diagnoses and comprehensively analyzing the various situations obtained through the four diagnoses can we draw a conclusion on the extent of the disease development, so as to formulate a correct treatment plan and prescribe the right medicine. & gt& gt Zhang Zhongjing has been able to distinguish whether a patient's symptoms are yin or yang according to four diagnoses through a long medical career and careful research. The disease is on the surface, or has gone deep into the viscera; Insufficient or surplus; It's cold or hot. Yin and yang, exterior and interior, deficiency and excess, cold and heat are called eight categories of TCM diagnosis. The theoretical principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment based on four diagnoses and eight outlines is the core idea of traditional Chinese medicine. Zhang Zhongjing has made great contributions to the establishment of this theoretical principle. & gt& gt In addition to typhoid fever, Zhang Zhongjing also made great efforts to explore the treatment of other intractable diseases. Miscellaneous diseases cover a wide range, mainly internal diseases, including gynecological, pediatric and surgical diseases. Zhang Zhongjing does not always treat patients with internal medicine, but often uses acupuncture, warm ironing, medicinal rubbing, foot soaking, ear blowing, nose spraying and other treatment methods. He believes that for some diseases, these treatments may be more effective than internal medicine. & gt& gt Zhang Zhongjing advocates timely treatment of diseases and early prevention of diseases. He said that the way to prevent diseases is to eat moderately and rest properly. If we can do these two things, we can basically stay healthy and stay away from diseases. > > Zhang Zhongjing summarized his clinical experience while practicing medicine and recorded many effective prescriptions. He wrote a treatise on typhoid fever and miscellaneous diseases, telling everyone how to treat typhoid fever. Later, the famous doctor Wang Shuhe carefully studied Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Treatise on Miscellaneous Diseases, and adapted this important medical work into Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber respectively. Treatise on febrile diseases specifically analyzes the pathology of fever, puts forward the treatment method, and attaches the prescription for treatment. Synopsis of the Golden Chamber is a collection of prescriptions for various miscellaneous diseases. These two medical books are classic works of traditional Chinese medicine. Zhang Zhongjing was honored as a "medical sage" by later generations because of his outstanding contribution to medicine.