The change of living environment is a great challenge for freshmen. The main aspect of this change is to live independently and cope with all the trivial things in life. For example, several students live in a dormitory, and their living habits and schedules, including language barriers, need to be faced and adapted. In particular, many freshmen have the problem of being far away from home and their relatives, and it takes some time to get used to it.
But relatively speaking, it is far more difficult for college students to adapt to new interpersonal relationships than to adapt to the learning and living environment. Entering the university means entering a brand-new interpersonal relationship. Facing the freshmen with different styles and characteristics from all over the world, it is very important to establish harmonious and friendly interpersonal relationships. Most students have been living among familiar classmates or relatives before entering school, and their interpersonal relationship is relatively stable. Once you enter the university, you will face a process of getting to know others again and establishing interpersonal relationships. The progress of this process will have a great impact on the whole university life. The common interpersonal relationship, communication and adaptation obstacles among college students may all be related to the interpersonal relationship in the freshman stage.
Adaptation to the new environment also includes adaptation to changes in one's status. This change includes not only brand-new learning contents and methods, but also new interpersonal relations, language expression ability and future development orientation. The brand-new role requires college students to re-evaluate themselves and others and redesign themselves. In the process of adaptation, a basic feature is that college students want to be excellent in the new environment. For freshmen who have just experienced great environmental changes, it is not only a matter of adapting to the external environment, but more importantly, they are also facing a process of self-adjustment. In the past, freshmen's entrance education paid more attention to the former and paid less attention to the latter. In fact, it is the latter that has a great influence on their mental health. Generally speaking, the adaptation to the study and living environment, the change of interpersonal relationship and self-status will greatly affect the mental health of college students at that time. The important feature of college students' learning is learning autonomy. Students become the main body of learning activities, and teachers are the guides of learning activities. Therefore, college students are facing great changes in their learning methods, learning contents and learning habits, which also includes a reassessment of their learning ability.
Many students have established their learning advantages in middle school and have high expectations for their studies. In college, I am faced with the change of academic expectations, the loss of academic advantages and the repositioning of my studies. If college students lack sufficient mental preparation and can't correctly accept and treat their academic achievements, their self-confidence will decline, their inferiority complex will rise, and even there will be strong jealousy and aggressive behavior.
The purpose, method and content of learning in universities are different from those in middle schools. With the improvement of social requirements for college students and the change of employment standards, many college students should not only learn professional knowledge, but also learn some related knowledge, such as foreign languages, computers and automobile driving, and obtain various certificates to adapt to the fierce market competition. If college students' learning methods are improper, their learning motivation is not strong, their learning goals are unclear, and their self-restraint ability is weak, they will easily produce emotional reactions such as anxiety and tension, and at the same time, they will seriously affect their self-confidence, and have psychological problems such as distress and self-denial, which will lead to academic failure. Poor academic performance, even academic failure, greatly affects students' mental health. Compared with middle school students, college students' interpersonal relationships are more extensive and profound, and their roles are more diversified. College students from different regions, different educational backgrounds and different economic conditions come to college with their own living habits and academic expectations, and the adaptation of new interpersonal relationships is an important topic for college students. There are not only understanding of the relationship between teachers and students, but also getting along with classmates and dormitories, as well as adapting to heterosexual communication.
College students have relatively little experience in communication and getting along with others. Building a harmonious interpersonal relationship in a short time often requires a lot of skills, but college students often only feel the importance and pressure of this problem, but lack the necessary experience and skills. Interpersonal relationships more reflect people's personality characteristics and communication patterns. Therefore, the interpersonal relationship of college students is related to self-cognition and cognition of others. On the one hand, they have great expectations for good interpersonal relationships and hope to establish harmonious, friendly and sincere interpersonal relationships. But at the same time, this expectation is often too idealistic, that is, asking too much of others, which leads to dissatisfaction with interpersonal relationships. This dissatisfaction will in turn have a negative impact on their interpersonal relationships. The contradiction between psychological needs of communication and psychological atresia is integrated.
The important interpersonal relationship among college students is heterosexual communication, which includes both the development of sexual friendship and the growth of love. Re-recognize and re-establish your position and coordinates in heterosexual communication. Some college students are at a loss in the face of the pursuit of the opposite sex, do not know how to refuse, do not know how to love, do not know how to grasp the temperature of love. Some college students put love above their studies and even think that love has everything. When the blow of lovelorn comes, they are not fully prepared and don't know how to face the breakup strategically and face themselves. University life is always colorful and desirable. However, after college students enter the university, due to the changes in their study life and their own specialties, most people's self-evaluation is gradually changing. These are not only manifested in academic performance and daily life, but also in knowledge, social experience, interpersonal communication and personal comprehensive ability. Self-knowledge will also appear bipolar oscillation. It is easy to be conceited when you get some achievements, and easy to feel inferior when you encounter setbacks. It is very important for every college student to constantly adjust their self-cognition.
As an excellent academic group among peers, college students always have a considerable gap between their realistic self and their ideal self. Insufficient understanding of this objective fact will cause cognitive contradictions and seriously affect the psychological state of college students. Facing the objective reality, some college students can adjust their understanding of themselves in time and re-establish their goals, which is in line with the requirements of objective reality; However, some college students try to escape the conflict with reality, and appear depressed, decadent, depressed and depressed, or indulge in play and indulgence to vent their dissatisfaction with reality, thus paralyzing their own minds and even breeding serious psychological problems such as suicidal tendencies.
Young people in college have been strongly aware of "self" and noticed their own vulnerability, which has produced a strong demand for self-enrichment and self-development. Some students failed to achieve the expected goals in the process of pursuing self-development, resulting in bad psychological reactions. Other students, in the process of self-development, have magnified their weaknesses and neglected their strengths. Because they are afraid of exposing their weaknesses, they adopt defense mechanisms, lack necessary social support, and even cause serious troubles and fears. Psychological conflict refers to a contradictory psychological state when there are two or more opposing or mutually exclusive motives in individual purposeful behavior. Psychological conflict often leads to partial or total dissatisfaction with motivation, and at the same time hinders the realization of the goal pointed by motivation. Motivation is related to frustration, and it is also an important reason for frustration and psychological pressure. The psychological conflicts of college students are not only the unique psychological conflicts of the only child, poor students and other groups, but also the problems faced by individual development, such as study and employment, study and emotion.
College is a critical period of psychological weaning. Psychological weaning means that an individual is separated from the guardianship of his parents' family, completely cutting off the "umbilical cord" of psychological contact between the individual and his parents' family, getting rid of family dependence, becoming an independent individual and completing the construction of his own psychological world. When multiple development tasks fall on college students at the same time, all kinds of psychological conflicts will inevitably occur. In fact, the psychological conflict of college students is not the conflict caused by judgment, but the choice brought by choice. For example, going to school or getting a job is just one of many choices in life, and it has not changed the direction of life in essence; Another example is whether to engage in a certain major after graduation, which is a process of re-selection in practice. Life events refer to all kinds of changes in social life that people encounter in their daily lives. Life events are not only a method to measure stress, but also an important indicator to predict physical and mental health. A large number of studies show that even moderate stress events, if they continue to occur, will accumulate resistance to individuals, so they are very serious. College students will have obvious psychological discomfort if they experience alienation of interpersonal relationship, failure of evaluation and lovelorn.
In life events, heavy losses have a negative impact on college students' mental health. The loss of important interpersonal relationships, honor, etc. Important interpersonal relationship mainly refers to the relationship with family, friends, especially the opposite sex (lovers). Once this relationship is lost or has problems, it will not only affect their mood, study and life, but more importantly, it may greatly affect college students' views on themselves and their future life. The frustration caused by lovelorn love is particularly important. The loss of honor is generally manifested in: many people who think they can get scholarships or be appraised, but they can't achieve their goals by joining the party, or they cheat in exams and are punished for violating discipline. The loss of importance affects the mental health of college students to a certain extent, which can lead to psychological obstacles in serious cases.
When explaining the relationship between life events and mental health, it is generally believed that the appearance of life events increases the individual's adaptability to the environment. Every time an individual experiences a life event, he should pay attention to adjusting the life changes brought about by the occurrence of this event, which also brings about the improvement of the individual's ability to resist setbacks. The influence of family mainly includes four aspects: the emotional atmosphere of family, parents' parenting attitude, family structure and family economic situation. Family is the cornerstone of life, and parents are children's first teachers, which have a long-term and far-reaching impact on students' growth and success. The emotional atmosphere of the family is the prerequisite for the formation of good psychological quality. The language and interpersonal atmosphere between family members directly affect the psychology of each family member, which is of special significance to college students with mature personality. Parenting attitude and educational methods of parents directly affect children's behavior and psychology. Democratic, equal rather than commanding, condescending, enlightened rather than autocratic, subtle rather than pampering parenting attitudes and educational methods are conducive to the healthy development of students' psychology. Changes in family structure, such as single-parent families and reorganized families, will inevitably have a certain impact on the psychology of college students who are studying; Students from poor or even poor families are prone to psychological discomfort. Because of the psychological problems of students brought by family environment, its influence is far-reaching and lasting.