In ancient times, horses were the main driving force of agricultural production, transportation and military activities. There are about 200 kinds of horses in the world.
With the development of productive forces, the improvement of science and technology, the invention and wide application of power machinery, the role of horses in real life is becoming less and less. Horses are mainly used for equestrian sports and milk and meat production, and the feeding quantity is greatly reduced. However, in some developing countries and regions, horses are still mainly used for service and are an important source of service strength.
Widely distributed all over the world, it originated from the grasslands of Central Asia and was domesticated by humans more than 6,000 years ago. The earliest domesticated horse was found in the grassland of Ukraine, and was brought to America and Australia by European colonists after15th century.
Appearance characteristics
Different breeds of horses vary greatly in size. Heavy variety weight 1200 kg, height 200 cm. The small variety weighs less than 200 kg and is only 95 cm tall. The so-called pony is only 60 centimeters tall.
The head is straight and long and the ears are short. The limbs are long, the bones are solid, the tendons and ligaments are developed, and cicadas with palm and pillow traces (commonly known as night eyes) have hard hooves and can run quickly on hard ground. The coat color is complex, mostly brown, blue and black. Fur is changed once in spring and once in autumn.
Developed sweat glands are conducive to regulating body temperature, not afraid of cold and heat, and easy to adapt to the new environment. The chest is deep and wide, with developed heart and lungs, suitable for running and strenuous labor. Esophageal stenosis, single stomach and large intestine, especially cecum, are extremely developed, which is helpful to digest and absorb coarse grains. Without gallbladder, bile duct is developed.
The chewing ability of teeth is very strong, and the gap between incisors and molars is called the receiving part. During saddle installation, the bit body is placed for driving. Age can be judged according to the number, shape and degree of wear of teeth, and both hearing and smell are keen. The distance between the eyes is very large,
The visual overlap is only 30%, so the judgment of distance is poor; At the same time, the eye's focus adjustment ability is weak, and it can only form a blurred image of the object 500 meters away, but it can distinguish the shape of the object well at close range. The head and neck are flexible, and the visual area of both eyes reaches 330 ~ 360. There is a photosensitive film on the outer layer of the fundus retina, which has strong sensitivity and can see the surrounding objects clearly at night. The horse sleeps standing up.
Extended data:
culture
1, Zodiac killer
It ranks seventh among the traditional Zodiac animals in China, and its corresponding earthly branch is noon.
2. Last name
Ma surname is one of the common surnames in China. In addition to the Han nationality, there are also many people of other nationalities who are surnamed Ma. Ma surname is one of the most popular surnames of Hui people, which comes from the sinicization of Muhammad's surname (some people think it comes from Fatima). Almost all Hui people in Yunnan are surnamed Ma.
3. Horse painting art
Horses have always been regarded as a combination of strength and beauty, not only for riding or carrying loads, but also for Arabs, who believe that horses are a gift from God and deserve to be worshipped and loved by people. The art of painting horses is enduring and enduring.
4. Trademarks or signs
The factory emblem of famous sports cars such as Ferrari and Porsche is a prancing horse. The Ford mustang sports car introduced by Ford Motor Company is a running horse.
5. The legendary famous horse
Six horses: Red Rabbit Horse, Luma Horse, Jueying, Claw Emperor Flying Point, Pine Wind, White and Zhaoling.
6, jewelry
Tang Sancai often takes "horse" as a model.
Horses have the meaning of "taking the lead" and "galloping vertically and horizontally", which is regarded as a symbol of fame and career promotion, and is often used as the decoration of entrepreneurs' offices.
The word "horse" means "immediately", so people often use homophonic collocation as decorations. For example, the fly on horseback is "won immediately" and the money on horseback is "rich immediately", which is often used as decorations in shops and checkout counters.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-horse