Eco-killers in Ocean Gardens
Xiamen is a "sea garden" with beautiful scenery. The sages once praised it as "a city like a flower leaning on a stone, with green hills surrounding the sea". However, this "sea garden" with dense trees and flowers is often invaded by foreign ecological killers. Ranunculus ternatus and Solidago canadensis are two exotic ecological killers with beautiful faces.
(2) Ranunculus ternatus is a perennial woody vine, so it is named because it has three small hooked tendrils at the top of its leaves, which are like cat's claws. 160 years ago, Ranunculus ternatus was introduced to Xiamen as an ornamental plant from the United States. At first, outside the red brick building, the evergreen Ranunculus ternatus crawled along the fence of the garden, and yellow flowers poked their heads out from the green vines from time to time. It was indeed a landscape. But with the passage of time, Ranunculus ternatus gradually exposed its true face as an ecological killer. Ranunculus ternatus, which is extremely fertile, spreads its seeds everywhere with the help of strong sea breeze. After taking root and sprouting, not only its developed roots will compete with other plants for nutrients, but also its hard and sharp "cat claws" can hold the bark tightly and climb upwards, covering the whole crown with a netted "rattan cover" composed of layers of stems and leaves, so that the trees will die because they cannot carry out photosynthesis. Then it spread around, climbed other trees around and covered them, eventually leading to the death of many trees. In Gulangyu Island, where the damage of Ranunculus ternatus is serious, many ancient and famous trees are covered with Ranunculus ternatus beyond recognition, which is terrible.
③ The excessiveness of Ranunculus ternatus is unbearable, but it is not easy to eradicate Ranunculus ternatus. The roots of Ranunculus ternatus go about 40 cm underground and are intertwined with the roots of other trees, so it is difficult to cut them off. Moreover, Ranunculus ternatus also has nutritious tubers. Even if all the vines on the ground are cut off, it will soon sprout new buds. In the early 1990s, Gulangyu began to clean Ranunculus ternatus, and by July 2004, the cleaning area had reached 654.38+0.2 million square meters. Nevertheless, the situation is still not optimistic, and it obviously needs a long and arduous struggle to prevent Ranunculus ternatus from spreading in Gulangyu again.
Solidago canadensis is more beautiful than Ranunculus ternatus. It has a small pedicel like a sunflower and a Huang Sui like a cockscomb, which looks good with other famous flowers. This flower is a perennial herb of Compositae native to North America. It has super reproductive ability, and each plant can produce more than 20,000 seeds on average. It can be spread by wind, birds and so on. And it only takes three years to quickly become a piece. In the process of growth, it competes with other plants for glory and fertilizer, and crowds out other plants at will, eventually leading to the extinction of other plants in its growing area. In just a few decades after the introduction of 1935, this flower has spread to many provinces and cities. A survey in Shanghai shows that the breeding area of this flower in Shanghai now accounts for 54.3% of the surveyed area. In the past 20 years, more than 30 native plants in Shanghai have become extinct due to the crowding out of this flower.
A year or two ago, Solidago canadensis also sneaked into Xiamen. In 2005, the relevant departments of our city organized an investigation and found that there were five or six fields (nurseries) planted with this flower in Dongfu and Jimei, with a planting history of over 1 year and an area of about 200 mu. Besides, flower shops in our city usually sell this kind of flowers. Fortunately, no large area of wild Solidago canadensis was found in the survey.
⑥ Ranunculus ternatus and Solidago canadensis were originally introduced as ornamental plants. In the introduction area, these plants are no longer threatened by various natural enemies in the place of origin, and the environmental resistance to growth becomes smaller, and the reproduction speed is extremely fast, eventually becoming ecological killers, posing a serious threat to the diversity of native plants. "Ranunculus ternatus" and "Solidago canadensis" brought survival crisis to native plants, but brought profound thinking to Xiamen people.
24. Read the full text and grasp the characteristics of things: (6 points)
(1) Extract a sentence from the text that shows the beautiful faces of "Ranunculus ternatus" and "Solidago canadensis". (2 points)
(2) In my own words, why does this article use the word "eco-killer" to refer to "Ranunculus ternatus" and "Solidago canadensis"? (4 points)
25. Some people think that the intersection of paragraphs 2 and 3 of the article is complicated by taking Gulangyu Island as an example, and one of them can be deleted. Do you agree with him? What's your reason? (4 points)
26. Find a word that can show the accuracy of language from the following sentence, and then analyze the expression effect of the word in combination with the context. (3 points)
Fortunately, no large area of wild Solidago canadensis was found in the survey.
27. At the end of the article, it is said that "Ranunculus ternatus and Solidago canadensis bring survival crisis to native plants, and Xiamen people think deeply". The following links are representative ideas of several citizens. Which citizen do you agree with? Please specify the reasons. (4 points)
Citizen A can adopt "biological control law" and introduce natural enemies to control "Ranunculus ternatus" and "Solidago canadensis".
Citizen B should protect and cultivate native plants, do not blindly introduce exotic plants, and maintain the diversity of native plants.
Citizen c should establish an early warning mechanism for alien invasion as soon as possible, prevent and control it as early as possible, and ensure the safety of the ecosystem.
Refer to answer 24. (1) (2 points)
For example, the evergreen buttercup climbs along the garden fence every once in a while, and goose yellow flowers pop up from green vines from time to time. Solidago canadensis has a small pedicel like a sunflower and a Huang Sui like a cockscomb, which looks very good with other famous flowers.
Key points and grading: deduct excerpts from the topic and complete the meaning of the sentence. 65438+ 0 point for each sentence.
(2)(4 points)
For example, an eco-killer refers to a species that destroys other living things. Since their introduction, Ranunculus ternatus and Solidago canadensis have been called "eco-killers" because of their lack of natural enemies of origin, which compete with local plants for land, fertilizer, glory and water, occupy the living space of local plants and lead to the extinction of local plants. Moreover, Ranunculus ternatus and Solidago canadensis are extremely difficult to destroy once they are flooded.
Key points and scores: 2 points will be deducted for the key points of "endangering the survival of native plants". Chinese 2 points.
25.(4 points)
For example, disagree. Taking Gulangyu Island as an example, the second paragraph can specifically explain the serious harm caused by Ranunculus ternatus to other trees; Taking Gulangyu Island as an example, the third paragraph can specifically explain that Ranunculus ternatus is extremely difficult to remove. Although Gulangyu Island is taken as an example in both places, the specific interpretation functions are different.
Focus and score: Understand the different functions of the two places 3 points, language 1 point.
26.(3 points)
Example 1: The word "large area" has a limited scope, which shows that the existence of wild Solidago canadensis in a small area is not excluded, which is in line with the actual situation.
Ex. 2: The word "wild" refers to the phenomenon of growing in the wild, excluding artificial cultivation.
Example 3: "under investigation" emphasizes the authenticity of the case and excludes the possibility of fabrication.
Key points and score: find out the words that meet the requirements of the topic, 1 score, and combine the context analysis with 2 points. If there are other meaningful answers, you can also give points as appropriate.
27.(4 points)
Example 1: Agree with citizen A. The main reason why "Ranunculus ternatus" and "Solidago canadensis" become ecological killers is the lack of natural enemies. If their natural enemies are introduced properly, the environmental resistance to their growth will become greater and the breeding speed will slow down. This will not pose a serious threat to the diversity of native plants.
Example 2: Agree with the idea of citizen B. This method is simple, economical and easy to operate, and can effectively prevent the invasion of exotic plants. Moreover, citizens have a sense of closeness to native plants, and cultivating more native plants can meet the emotional needs of citizens.
Ex. 3: Agree with Citizen C that early prevention and early control can nip in the bud and ensure the safety of the ecosystem. Because alien invasive organisms are difficult to control once they multiply in large numbers, it takes a lot of manpower and material resources to destroy them.
What has the city given us?
In the past 120 years, one of the biggest changes in the world is that people's living places, lifestyles and means of livelihood have changed, and more and more people have moved from rural areas to cities. 1900, the urban population accounted for less than 10% of the world population, and in 2000, the urban population accounted for 46% of the world population. This city shows its unique charm.
The charm of a city lies in its developed social culture. As a form of human life, cities develop with the evolution of civilization. It is the region that gives the basic background of urban culture and forms the initial accumulation of urban culture. Urban culture is the product of human evolution to the stage of urban life, the sum of material and spiritual wealth created by human beings in cities, the personification of cities and the spatial expression of human life. It is the overall form of urban people's living conditions, behavior patterns, spiritual characteristics and urban appearance, the soul of the city, the symbol of civilization and a complete value system belonging to urban people.
Urban culture is the mainstream culture in the development of human social civilization. It inherits history, integrates fashion, shapes characteristics and has distinct openness. In rural areas, culture is single and homogeneous, and communication is not strong. Every generation is inheriting the things of the previous generation. Without fresh stimulation, it will not be created. Urban culture comes from all directions. Tradition and modernity, domestic and foreign, elite and secular, all communicate and circulate here, giving people influence, enlightenment, education and knowledge.
The charm of the city also lies in its huge economic benefits. Because the city is the center of industry and commerce, with modern transportation facilities and advanced means of transportation, including roads, railways, aviation and waterways, it is often located at transportation hubs or intersections, with sufficient tourists and goods. Cities have modern communication facilities, telecommunication networks and transmission tools, and a large amount of information is exchanged all the time. The combination of modern transportation and the industrial and commercial center in the city makes it a transformation place for goods, materials, talents, labor, funds and information, which greatly saves manpower, material resources and financial resources, thus improving economic benefits.
The charm of a city lies in its huge social benefits. There are many urban schools, developed education, abundant talents, frequent exchanges with domestic and foreign scientific and technological information, and great demand for science and technology in urban economic development, which have promoted the progress of urban science and technology. The progress of science and technology not only promotes the growth of production and economy, but also brings great changes to social life and promotes the progress of social civilization.
Man created cities. Cities have provided mankind with endless wealth and creativity. However, with the emergence of modern industry and metropolis, human beings are troubled by environmental pollution, traffic congestion and work pressure. Cities are no longer "poetic habitats of human beings". In fact, the vast number of developing countries, including China, and even cities in developed countries in Europe and America have long been plagued by diseases.
The deterioration of the ecological environment has caused many cities to suffer from "emphysema". 1984, the infamous "Los Angeles Smoke" killed a vulture who was preparing to attend the opening ceremony of the 23rd Olympic Games.
10 years ago, Beijingers marveled that the average speed of cars in Bangkok during rush hour was only 10-20 kilometers. /kloc-today, 0/0 years later, drivers in Beijing use the most sentence: "Dude, where is the traffic jam?"
The fast pace of urban life has turned people's daily life into "fast food", and people's nerves are always tense. Some people say that white-collar workers in big cities spend the first half of their lives exchanging health for money, and the second half of their lives exchanging money for health.
Cities gather a lot of resources, which are the distribution centers of our material wealth and spiritual resources and provide opportunities for people's lives. However, some problems related to urban prosperity-symptoms of urban diseases are increasingly prominent in front of people. Where is the way out for urban development, and where will human beings and cities go in the future? Will we find a beautiful homeland in harmony with nature?
2 1. Add some words and phonetic notation. (2 points)
(1) accumulation () (2) blockage ()
In the second paragraph of the article, there are two simple sentences that define "urban culture" from different angles. Please find these two simple sentences. (2 points)
23. One of the following statements is () (2 points)
A. Lack of innovation, fashion integration and the promotion of history are the reasons for the singleness of rural culture.
B. the inclusiveness of culture and the mobility of talents make urban culture show the characteristics of openness.
C. the advantages of modern transportation and communication are combined with the industrial and commercial center of the city, which improves the economic benefits of the city.
D. The development of urban education and frequent scientific and technological exchanges have promoted the progress of social civilization.
24. According to the linguistic characteristics of the context, fill in the appropriate sentences on the horizontal line of paragraph 8 of the article. (2 points)
Fill in the sentence:
25. Why do you say that "the city is no longer the poetic habitat of human beings"?
26. Urbanization has become a world trend, and the process of urbanization in China is accelerating. Please discuss the following materials around the "problems that should be paid attention to in China's urbanization" and extract two viewpoints. (4 points)
① Some local governments in our country blindly emphasize "bigger and stronger" when managing cities, and strive to become "international metropolis" and "regional central city".
(2) China ancient city construction, careful planning, adjust measures to local conditions, eclectic, each with its own characteristics.
In 2005, Pan Yue, deputy director of the State Environmental Protection Administration, introduced that among the 20 most polluted cities in the world, 10 was in China.
④ Many cities in China are famous historical and cultural cities, and the State Council has successively announced 99 famous historical cities. By the end of 2000, there were 27 world cultural and natural heritages in China, all of which were related to urban development.
⑤ Developed countries have a scientific and rational understanding of urbanization, but they have paid a heavy price.
Viewpoint 1:
Viewpoint 2:
Reference answer 2 1.diàn sè (each 1)
22.( 1) is the sum of material wealth and spiritual wealth created by human beings in cities. (1) (2) It is the general form of urban population's living conditions, behavior patterns, spiritual characteristics and urban appearance. ( 1)
23.A
24. Dense urban population makes urban traffic jam. Or traffic jams have caused "intestinal obstruction" in many cities. (Other answers with similar meanings can be scored. )
25. Because cities are faced with problems such as environmental pollution, traffic jams and heavy work pressure. (All points with the same effect will be given as appropriate)
26.(4 points, 2 points for an opinion) Example answer: (1) The government should attach importance to the scientific planning of cities. (2) In urban development, we should not only inherit national traditions, but also learn from the experience of developed countries. (3) protect the urban ecological environment. (4) Protecting cultural and natural heritage in urban development.