Hebei education edition biology seventh grade second volume teaching material catalogue
Unit 2 Our Body and Healthy Life
Chapter I Reasonable Diet and Balanced Nutrition
Section 1 Food
Section 2 Digestion of Food
Section III Absorption and Utilization of Nutrients
Section IV Synchronous Practice Unit Testing of Food Safety This chapter is comprehensive.
Chapter II Caring for the Mind and Ensuring Traffic
Section 1 Carrier of Goods Transportation
Section 2 Material Transportation Organization
Section 3 Material Transportation Routes
Section 4 Protection of the Heart and Blood Vessels
Synchronous practice
unit testing
This chapter is very comprehensive
Chapter III Strengthening the Righteousness and Cultivating the Foundation
Section 1 Breathing
In the second section, the excretion unit test is a comprehensive synchronous exercise in this chapter.
Chapter IV Rational Use of Brain and Efficient Learning
Section 1 Acquisition of Information
Section 2 Information Transmission
Section III Absorption and Utilization of Nutrients
The fourth quarter rational use of the brain
Synchronous practice
unit testing
This chapter is very comprehensive
Chapter V Normal Development and Healthy Growth
Section 1 Hormones and Growth and Development
Section 2 Healthy Adolescence
Synchronous practice
unit testing
This chapter is very comprehensive
Chapter VI Insist on taking exercise and keeping fit.
The first section synchronous exercise of human movement
unit testing
This chapter is very comprehensive
Section 2 Exercise and Health
Chapter VII Enhancing Immunity and Preventing Diseases
Section 1 Exemption
Section 2 Prevention of Infectious Diseases
The occurrence and prevalence of AIDS in the third quarter
Section 4 Rare Life Rejects Drugs
Synchronous practice
unit testing
This chapter is very comprehensive
Chapter VIII Scientific use of drugs to ensure health
Synchronous practice
unit testing
This chapter is very comprehensive
Monthly examination column
Temporary column
Last column
This book is comprehensive.
Review outline of the second volume of biology in grade seven
Transport of substances in human body
1, mobile tissue-blood
1) Blood composition and function
Plasma components: water, protein, glucose, inorganic salts, etc.
Function: Carrying blood cells, transporting nutrients and wastes.
erythrocyte
Blood cell leucocyte
blood platelet
Hemoglobin: A red iron protein contained in red blood cells.
Features: It combines with oxygen in places with high oxygen content and separates from oxygen in places with low oxygen content.
Functions of blood: transportation, defense and protection, and temperature regulation.
2. Blood flow pipeline? boat
1) Types, structures and functions of blood vessels
3. The pump that transports blood-the heart
1) Structure and function of the heart: located in the middle of the chest, at the lower left.
It is composed of myocardium.
There are four cavities: left ventricular aorta
Superior and inferior vena cava of right atrium
Right ventricular pulmonary artery
Left atrial pulmonary vein
Valve: atrioventricular valve (located between atrium and ventricle, only facing ventricle) ensures blood flow in a certain direction.
Arterial valve (located between the ventricle and the artery, only open to the artery)
Function of the heart: the dynamic organ of blood circulation
The relationship between atrium, ventricle and valve activity;
blood circulation
(1) The concept and approach of blood circulation;
Concept: Blood circulates in the pipeline composed of the heart and all blood vessels.
Divided into systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation:
Systemic circulation: left ventricle, aorta, artery, vein, inferior vena cava, right atrium.
capillary tube
Pulmonary circulation: left atrial pulmonary vein and capillaries in lung, pulmonary artery and right ventricle.
(2) Primary care of bleeding:
Capillary hemorrhage: blood is red, so stop bleeding naturally and disinfect it;
Arterial bleeding: bright red blood and fierce blood flow. Stop bleeding near the heart end of the injured artery;
Venous hemorrhage: the blood color is dark red and the blood flow is moderate. Stop bleeding at the distal end of the injured vein.
Blood transfusion and blood volume
1) Discovery of blood type: 1900, Landstein discovered ABO blood type.
2) Blood volume: 7-8% of body weight.
3) blood transfusion: blood type: a, b, AB, o.
Blood transfusion: according to the principle of importing the same blood type, the waste in the human body is discharged.
1, urine formation and excretion
1) concept: the process of discharging wastes such as carbon dioxide, urea and excess water generated during the decomposition of substances in the body.
Pathway: 1) skin: excrete water, inorganic salts and urea in the form of sweat.
2) Respiratory system: carbon dioxide and water are discharged in the form of gas.
3) Urinary system: Water, inorganic salts and urea are discharged in the form of urine.
2) Composition of urinary system
Kidney: the place where urine forms.
ureter
Bladder urination channel, bladder has the function of urine storage.
urethra
3) Structure and function of nephron
Glomerulus: dozens of capillaries branched from input arterioles are bent and coiled, and the other ends converge into output arterioles.
Nephron renal capsule: the blind end of renal tubule is partially depressed, and the capsule wall is divided into two layers, the inner layer is close to glomerulus and the outer layer is connected with renal tubule.
Renal tubule: the cavity between the inner and outer layers of the renal capsule communicates with the renal tubule.
4) Formation of urine
(1) glomerular filtration rate:
Plasma components other than blood cells and macromolecular proteins can be filtered to form protourine.
(2) Renal tubular reabsorption: substances useful to human body, including most water, all glucose and some inorganic salts.
(3) Renal tubular secretion: Renal tubular epithelial cells secrete ammonia and other substances to form urine.
* * Difference: blood, plasma, urine, urine.
2. Disposal of human excrement
1) Value of human excrement: as farmyard manure. It has the characteristics of wide fertilizer source, complete nutrients, long-lasting fertilizer effect and soil improvement.
2) Harmless treatment method of human excrement: building biogas digesters.
High temperature composting
Build an ecological toilet