After birth 1 more than a month, children's visual structure and optic nerve that receives visual information through eyes are not yet mature. Specifically, the pyramidal cells in their retinas are immature, and they can only see light and shadow, and their vision is lower than 0. 1. Their optimal focal length is between 20 and 38 cm. They can only see objects within 15 ~ 30cm.
At the age of 2 months, the baby's visual concentration is becoming more and more obvious, and he likes to see moving objects and familiar adult faces. 3 months old, the vision can be fixed, and objects about 75cm can be seen clearly. The visual acuity is about 0. 1, the gaze time is obviously prolonged, and the line of sight can move with the moving object. When the baby is more than 2 months old, his color vision has developed greatly. By more than 3 months old, he can already distinguish between color and achromatic color.
Babies have a preference for colors and like to see bright colors, especially red, rather than dim colors. Their favorite colors are red, yellow, green, orange, blue and so on, so it is precisely for this reason that we often use red toys to tease children. During 3 ~ 4 months, children's eyes can produce stereoscopic effect when they are focused, and their sensitivity to spectrum is close to that of adults. 6 ~ 12 months is the color period of baby's vision and the key period of baby's vision development.
Some experts believe that sensitivity to color begins to appear four months after birth. 1 to 3 years old, children's vision entered the golden age of establishing stereoscopic impression, and they began to know more about three-dimensional space, such as distance, front and back, left and right, and their consciousness began to transition from two-dimensional space to three-dimensional space.
3 ~ 6 years old is the spatial period of baby's visual development. They can accurately judge the size, up and down, front and back, left and right, and distance of objects. At this point, the baby's vision reaches the level of adults. After 7 years old, children's visual tracking ability develops with the development of reading ability. The connotation of visual perception includes visual action integration (so-called hand-eye coordination), visual analysis skills (processing visual information) and spatial visual perception (distinguishing the relative relationship between oneself and the surrounding environment). After the child is born, it begins to enter the critical period of visual perception development.
The critical period of baby's visual development is before the age of 2. If there is no proper visual stimulation at this stage, the cones in the eyes will not mature, the neural connections in the brain will be difficult to establish, and the visual perception center will not develop.