1, the etiology is complex, and its onset is closely related to bad behavior and lifestyle;
2. The incubation period of onset is long, and there is no clear onset time;
3. The course of disease is long, and with the development of the disease, it is characterized by progressive sexual dysfunction or disability;
4, difficult to cure, once the disease occurs, it is irreversible and difficult to completely cure;
5. Poor prognosis and high disability rate and mortality rate in the late stage of the disease have become the main causes of death and disease burden worldwide.
Second, the prevalence of chronic diseases in China
The situation of prevention and control of chronic diseases in China is very severe. As of 20 12, chronic diseases accounted for 85% of the total deaths, cerebrovascular diseases, malignant tumors, respiratory diseases and heart diseases ranked the top four in urban and rural areas, and 45% of patients with chronic diseases died before the age of 70, accounting for 75% of the total number of premature deaths of chronic diseases in China. Risk factors related to chronic diseases are common in the population. In China, 300 million people smoke, and 80% families consume more salt and cooking oil per capita. /kloc-the proportion of adults over 0/8 years old who regularly participate in physical exercise is less than 12%.
By 20 19, the premature mortality rate of China residents due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, tumors, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes is 16.5%, which is 2 percentage points lower than that of 20 18.5% in 20 15 years. In China, chronic diseases account for 88.5% of the total deaths, and cardiovascular diseases, tumors and chronic respiratory diseases account for 80.7%, which still face great challenges.
Therefore, the outline of "Healthy China 2030" is made by the national strategy, and it is also to promote the healthy way of keeping in good health and improve the health level of the whole people. In the contemporary era, only by truly understanding health knowledge can we plan our life reasonably and have a high-quality life.
Three, the risk factors of chronic diseases are divided into variable risk factors and immutable risk factors. Among them, changeable risk factors, if not effectively controlled, can evolve into intermediate risk factors, leading to the occurrence of various chronic diseases.
1. Irreversible risk factors: age, sex, race and heredity;
2. Risk factors that can be changed:
(1) Smoking: It can cause a variety of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, as well as a variety of malignant tumors and obstructive pulmonary diseases.
(2) Excessive drinking: Excessive drinking can increase the mortality of liver cancer by 50%, and also cause cardiovascular diseases, malignant tumors and liver diseases;
(3) Unreasonable diet: too much fat, insufficient vitamins, insufficient dietary fiber, too much total calories and too much salt in food. These factors will lead to a significant increase in the incidence of human tumors and colorectal cancer;
(4) Lack of physical activity: this is one of the most important risk factors of chronic diseases, and lack of physical activity is also an important cause of overweight or obesity, which is related to the occurrence of various chronic diseases such as hypertension, stroke, coronary heart disease, diabetes, various malignant tumors and osteoporosis;
(5) Bad psychological factors and natural and social environmental factors, such as long-term mental stress, psychological pressure or negative emotions, can also lead to the occurrence of malignant tumors in the body; There are also pollution changes in the air, soil, water and food we live in, which will also lead to a variety of chronic diseases;
3. Intermediate risk factors: hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, overweight or obesity.