The allocation of medical and health resources refers to the distribution and transfer of medical and health resources in the medical and health industry. The rational allocation of medical and health resources plays an important role in promoting the sustained, stable, rapid and healthy development of medical and health undertakings. With the development of social economy and science and technology, people's understanding of health is getting deeper and deeper, and the requirements for health services are getting higher and higher. The demand for medical and health services is infinite, but the medical and health resources are limited. How to allocate and utilize limited medical and health resources, solve the two basic problems of fairness and efficiency in the distribution process, and make medical and health services achieve the ideal state of combining fairness and efficiency, which is the goal pursued by governments and health service research all over the world. Judging from the research results on the allocation of medical and health resources at home and abroad, this research is not carried out in isolation, but accompanied by the development of health economics and the worldwide reform of medical and health system.