The object of modern occupational safety and health management is occupational safety and health risks. As we all know, there are always potential hazards in people's work activities or working environment, which may cause property losses, harm the environment, affect human health and even cause injury accidents. These hazards are chemical, physical, biological, ergonomic and other kinds.
People refer to the possibility of one or some dangers causing accidents and their possible consequences as risks. Risk can be evaluated by indicators such as probability of occurrence, harm scope and loss size.
The losses caused by accidents caused by risks are various, which are generally divided into the following aspects: the life injury of employees themselves and others; Health injuries of employees themselves and others (including psychological injuries); Damage and loss of data, equipment and facilities (including loss of normal work within a certain period of time or for a long time);
Accident handling expenses (including shutdown, accident investigation and other indirect expenses); The increase of economic burden of organizations and employees; Mental, psychological and economic injuries and losses of employees themselves and others' families, friends and society; Criticism and accusation of the government, industry and public opinion; Damage to the organization image caused by legal investigation and news exposure; Investors or the financial sector lose confidence;
Injury and loss of organizational reputation, loss of business opportunities; The market competitiveness of products has declined; Complain, complain, criticize, etc. Employees themselves and others. The loss of occupational safety and health accidents includes direct loss and indirect loss, and the cost of loss far exceeds the cost of medical treatment and disease compensation, that is to say, the indirect loss is generally far greater than the direct loss.
There are two kinds of accidents and losses caused by risks: personal factors and work and system factors. Among them, personal factors include: lack of physical and physiological structural ability, such as height, weight, lack of stretching, sensitivity or allergy to substances; Lack of thinking and psychological ability, such as lack of understanding, poor judgment and poor sense of direction. ;
Physiological stress, such as feeling overload and fatigue, exposure to extreme temperature, lack of oxygen, etc. Thinking or psychological stress, such as emotional overload, demanding extreme concentration, etc. ; Insufficient knowledge, such as insufficient training, misunderstanding, etc. ; Insufficient skills, such as insufficient internship; Incorrect driving force, such as inappropriate colleague competition.
Work or system factors include: insufficient guidance and supervision, such as unclear or conflicting authorization responsibilities, insufficient decentralization, and insufficient policies, procedures, operating methods or guidelines; Insufficient engineering design, such as human factors, ergonomics considerations, and insufficient operation preparation.