1, acute urticaria: acute urticaria has an acute onset and rapid progress. It is often that wind masses of different sizes suddenly appear on his skin, which are reddish or pale or orange peel-like, with a blush around them. The small wind mass is only a few millimeters. The size can reach tens of centimeters, and the shape can be ring, ground or irregular. It is often accompanied by severe itching, sometimes burning or tingling, and usually disappears by itself within dozens of minutes and hours. The course of disease is short and the general symptoms are relatively severe. In severe cases, laryngeal edema, bronchospasm, anaphylactic shock and other serious diseases may occur, which may be life-threatening if the rescue is not timely. Some patients can find a definite cause.
2. Chronic urticaria: The onset of chronic urticaria is slow, and the symptoms are mild and severe. Most of them only show a rash with itching, but the course of the disease lasts for more than 6 weeks and cannot be cured repeatedly. Most of them can't find the reason. Most special types of urticaria are chronic urticaria.
3, cold urticaria: Some people will itch when blowing cold air every winter, even when touching cold air, cold water or cold things, the exposed skin or the parts touching cold things will have a rash. In severe cases, hand numbness, lip numbness, chest tightness, palpitation, abdominal pain, diarrhea, syncope and even shock may occur. Cold shock is one of the causes of drowning, and sometimes eating cold drinks can cause swelling of the mouth and throat.
Sometimes cold urticaria is not a simple skin disease, but a symptom caused by other diseases, such as cryoglobulinemia, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria, cold fibrinogen, cold hemolysis and so on.
4, artificial urticaria: Some people don't know when to start, and suddenly can't stand scratching. After scratching the skin by hand or with a blunt object, a strip-shaped bulge appears along the scratching place, accompanied by itching, which quickly disappears.
5. Stress urticaria: the skin is swollen locally about 4-6 hours after being pressed, and the buttocks are red, swollen and itchy after working in the office for several hours, or the feet are swollen, red, itchy and painful after walking. These are stress urticaria, and the symptoms last for 8- 12 hours.
6. Alkaline urticaria: It is mostly induced by patients' strenuous exercise or eating hot food and drinks, sweating a lot, and excessive emotional excitement. Patients will have systemic wheal, which is red around, mostly round or irregular. Some patients will also have dizziness, nausea, abdominal pain, drooling and other general malaise symptoms.
7, solar urticaria: The biggest feature of this type of solar urticaria is that after the skin is exposed to sunlight, usually after a few minutes, the patient's onset site will have obvious symptoms, the more common are itching, erythema and wheal. Moreover, after the wind mass occurs, it can subside by itself after about 1 to several hours. It should be understood that in the treatment of urticaria, we should pay attention to the specific pathogenic factors of patients, and whether the pathogenic factors of patients can be removed is the key to completely cure urticaria, and we must pay enough attention to it.
8. papular measles: it is a delayed allergic skin disease felt in childhood, which is more common in spring and autumn. Recently, some scholars have suggested that food allergy is the primary cause of papular urticaria, but at present, most people think that this disease is mainly caused by insect bites such as mosquitoes, bedbugs, fleas and lice, so papular urticaria is an exogenous allergic reaction caused by arthropod bites. The clinical features are: common in trunk and limbs, especially lower limbs, not necessarily symmetrical, and less blisters on head and face. The wheal is round or spindle-shaped, red in color, with small papules or blisters in the center, some pseudopodia, some distal limbs and tension blisters on palms and soles, with clear contents and no redness around. Some rashes are hard miliary papules, which are swollen like wheals after scratching. Skin lesions appear in batches, one after another, which can last for weeks to months. Old and new rashes often coexist. Children often have severe itching, especially at night, which often affects sleep. Course of disease 1~2 weeks. After the injury subsides, temporary pigmentation spots can be left, which is easy to recur, but persistent solid nodules will be formed when insect mouthparts remain.
Urticaria is an allergic skin disease. There are many external pathogenic factors of this skin disease, such as environment, diet, mood, etc., but the most fundamental reason is one's own allergic constitution.
Common causes of urticaria are:
1. food factors: eating some animal protein, plant food, condiments and additives, such as fish and shrimp, crab shells, meat, milk, eggs, strawberries, garlic, etc. Drug factors, such as the use of penicillin, serum preparations, various vaccines and sulfonamides.
2, physical factors: such as cold, heat, sunlight, friction and pressure stimulation, or animal fur, pollen, etc. It may also cause some patients to get sick.
3, infection factors: various viral infections, bacterial infections, fungal infections and parasitic infections can also cause urticaria, such as viral upper respiratory tract infections, hepatitis, tonsillitis, chronic otitis media, sinusitis and other infections.
4, insect bite rash: this situation mostly occurs in infants with allergies, mosquitoes, bed bugs, lice, mites bite, mostly in the exposed parts of the skin. Little red dot bitten by insects can be seen in the center of wheal and rash, mostly on the extended side of limbs. Sometimes a rash can be seen along the blood vessels, and the child is itchy and irritable.
Pathogenesis of urticaria: There are mainly allergic reaction and non-allergic reaction.
The most common type is allergic urticaria (also known as IgE-dependent urticaria): IgE-dependent urticaria is caused by the interaction between allergens and IgE antibodies. IGE antibody is a new cellular antibody, which is adsorbed on mast cells in tissues and eosinophils or surface receptors in blood. When the body encounters the same antigen, the antigen-antibody reaction occurs on the surface of mast cells, which causes the degranulation reaction of mast cells and releases inflammatory mediators such as histamine and eosinophil chemokines, thus causing a series of events in the body.
Treatment of urticaria
The stimulation of allergens leads to the disorder of human immune function and the abnormal increase of immunoglobulin E in the body. Repeated contact with allergens leads to a large number of IgE antibodies in the body, which attach to immune cells for a long time, leading to the secretion of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, causing harm to themselves. From the immunological point of view of urticaria, the fundamental treatment should be to control IgE and adjust the balance of immunoglobulin. At present, the treatment of urticaria mostly stays at the stage of inflammation such as antihistamine. Some people will try to treat it by improving immunity, but allergy is not caused by low immunity, and the imbalance of five immunoglobulin secretion in human body is the root cause of the disease. At present, the treatment method of IgE anti-human antibody to solve urticaria in international immunology research is to reduce IgE antibody in human body by supplementing a large number of anti-allergic probiotics Minyikang, and to adjust the balance of immunoglobulin by stimulating interferon secretion, so as to restore the correct immune response of human body.
The supplement of Minyikang anti-allergic probiotics can not only help allergic patients adjust their physique, but also reduce the concentration of IgE in the body. In this way, even if allergens are encountered in the allergic season, allergens cannot combine with IgE in the body and will not trigger a series of allergic biochemical reactions in the body. From the perspective of regulating the activity balance of immune cells, when the activity of immune cells returns to balance, the IgE concentration in the body will be significantly reduced, and naturally it will not induce allergic reactions in the body, so the allergic constitution can be adjusted, while drugs can only relieve symptoms, but can not adjust the constitution. Supplementing Minyikang anti-allergic probiotics can reduce the production of specific IgE antibody in serum and promote the secretion of IFN-r by spleen cells. Minyikang probiotics can enhance TH 1 immune response and regulate TH2 immune response due to allergic reaction. It can regulate physique and enhance immunity from the root.