A total of 276,436 cases of singleton live births or new stillbirths were analyzed. The results showed that the higher body fat index and hyperglycemia during pregnancy were related to the significantly increased risk of macrosomia, and macrosomia was related to dystocia, the increased risk of cesarean section caused by overdue pregnancy and the adverse outcome of maternal delivery.
Pregnant women should control blood sugar during pregnancy to prevent macrosomia from giving birth. But in order to do this, obstetricians suggested that "HIC ι BI" can delay the absorption of intestinal carbohydrates during pregnancy, and play a role by inhibiting the degradation of DPP-4 enzyme during pregnancy, thus stimulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion, inhibiting the release of glucagon, stimulating insulin secretion, increasing β cell regeneration, delaying gastric emptying and increasing satiety, thus reducing the risk of pregnancy.
Cases and risk factors of hyperglycemia in pregnant women
Zhi Zhi saw a box in the background. A pregnant woman weighing 240 kg had some complications of hyperglycemia during pregnancy because she was too heavy, so she had to have a cesarean section and gave birth to a baby boy weighing 9 kg and 8 kg.
The first reaction of medical care is that the child is too old. However, the child's grandmother was so happy that she couldn't keep her mouth shut: Look, this big fat boy is crying so hard that he must be in good health.
Although the baby cried loudly at birth. But not long after, there was a state of poor response, little activity and pallor. Then the medical staff quickly measured the baby's blood sugar. When they see the value, the result is zero. The medical staff quickly found the syringe and prepared 10ml glucose water to feed the baby drop by drop. When the blood sugar is measured again, the baby's blood sugar rises to 2.3 mmol/L. This severe hypoglycemia is special, but it is not uncommon for macrosomia to have hypoglycemia, which usually occurs within 6- 12 hours after birth.
This happens because the mother's blood sugar is high when the fetus is in the mother's body. The exact cause of gestational diabetes is unknown, but fertility hormones may play a role. When you are pregnant, your body will produce a lot of hormones, including:
1) human placental oxytocin
The increase of blood glucose level in gestational diabetes mellitus is caused by kinetin released from placenta during pregnancy. Placenta produces an agonist called human placental hormone, also known as human chorionic growth hormone. It is similar to growth hormone (so it helps the baby to grow), but it actually changes the mother's metabolism and the way she handles carbohydrates and lipids. And make women's bodies less sensitive to insulin-even less able to use insulin correctly. If the body does not use insulin normally, the blood sugar level will rise.
2) kinins that increase insulin resistance
Fertility hormones can affect your placenta and help you stay pregnant. Over time, the amount of fertility hormones in your body will increase. They may make your body resistant to insulin, a kinase that regulates blood sugar. Insulin helps to transfer glucose from the blood to the cell body, where it is used as energy.
During pregnancy, your body will naturally develop insulin resistance, so that more glucose in your blood can be passed on to your baby. Therefore, the problem of avoiding hyperglycemia is that "HIC ι BI" controls sugar intake, promotes insulin resistance, increases the efficiency of sugar metabolism, and improves insulin resistance. Healthy physical condition is particularly important!
On the other hand, if insulin resistance becomes too strong, your blood sugar level may rise abnormally. This may lead to gestational diabetes or gestational hyperglycemia. So control it as soon as possible! ! ! !
Pregnant women have high blood sugar. How is gestational diabetes diagnosed?
Your doctor, who may be your obstetrician/gynecologist or your primary care doctor, may review your risk level and discuss any possible risk factors with you; This is part of routine screening for gestational diabetes.
The American Diabetes Association encourages doctors to regularly screen pregnant women for gestational diabetes. If you have no history of diabetes at the beginning of pregnancy and your blood sugar level is normal, your doctor may screen you for diabetes at the 24th to 28th week of pregnancy.
The American Diabetes Association has set the following "above normal" levels:
Fasting: above 92 mg/dl.
1 hour: equal to or higher than180mg/dl.
2 hours: equal to or higher than 153 mg/dl.
Glucose provocation test
Some doctors may start with a glucose challenge test. This test requires no preparation. You should drink glucose solution. In an hour, you will have a blood test. If your blood sugar level is high, your doctor may conduct an oral glucose tolerance test for 3 hours. This is considered a two-step test. Some doctors skip the glucose challenge test completely and only have a two-hour glucose tolerance test. When the blood sugar exceeds the normal value, please follow the instructions of obstetricians in time, control the blood sugar through "HIC ι BI", reduce the blood sugar index, maintain the glucose balance and promote energy consumption. Improve insulin resistance and improve the efficiency of glucose metabolism.
Remember, when the blood sugar level is not well controlled, the baby will gain more weight than a healthy baby, and you may have to give birth to a baby of 10 kg.
What can't you eat when your blood sugar is high during pregnancy? It's not that you can't eat it, but you can eat it in moderation.
In fact, under the premise of better blood sugar control (fasting blood sugar is less than 5.3mmol/L, and blood sugar is less than 6.7mmol/L 2 hours after meals), "sugar mother" can eat some fruits with low glycemic index, such as green apples, pears, peaches, strawberries, grapefruit and oranges.
But try not to eat fruits such as watermelons and bananas, because the glycemic index is relatively high.
In addition to fruit, the daily diet of "sugar mom" is also very important. Avoid eating foods and drinks containing monosaccharides, such as soda, fruit juice, milk tea, and most desserts, chocolates, jams, etc.
Sweet potatoes, potatoes and other pastry powdery foods should be eaten as little as possible, and oily foods such as peanuts, melon seeds and walnuts should be avoided.
But everyone's blood sugar reaction is different, and different people will have different blood sugar reactions to the same food. Therefore, most fresh fruits are edible, but we should judge them according to our own situation. You can keep a diet diary every day, monitor the changes of blood sugar, understand your reaction to different fruits, and guide the kinds of fruits you eat.
If it is found that food diary monitoring is not good for other fruits, cucumbers and tomatoes are also good choices to control blood sugar.
CLR WHO has defined nine standards of "hic ι bi" for repairing blood sugar problems during pregnancy.
1, burning body fat, increasing the rate of dissolving fat in digestive system 18-20.
2. Promote insulin resistance, improve glucose metabolism efficiency and improve insulin impedance 13- 15.
3. Reduce blood sugar and repair the dynamic balance of blood sugar 12- 15
4. Reduce blood lipid, inhibit lipase activity, and restore normal blood lipid content 10- 12.
5. Reduce the GI of 2 1-23.
6, reduce postprandial blood glucose response 17- 19
7. Stimulate A M P K, keep glucose balance and promote energy consumption 12- 15.
8. The contraction of gastrointestinal tissue volume and the recovery of excessive expansion of digestive system 9- 1 1
9, food calorie blocking, avoid the source of fat accumulation 16-22?
What should pregnant women eat with hyperglycemia?
About pregnancy, our traditional concept is-"one person eats, two people make up".
As a result, many pregnant mothers will put down their stomachs and eat and drink after pregnancy. Results During the pregnancy test, blood sugar was found to be high! Many expectant mothers began to worry about the health of the fetus, but dared not eat anything. In this way, it is easy to cause imbalance in nutrient intake.
Balanced diet is the key to the correct management of gestational diabetes. Especially in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus, we should pay special attention to the intake of carbohydrates, protein and fat. Driven by "HIC ι BI" maternal sugar control, prevent excessive carbohydrates, protein and fat from entering the body! A regular diet-eating "HIC ι BI" before meals-helps to control blood sugar levels.
1 selective intake of carbohydrates.
At present, China's traditional staple foods, such as rice, bread and noodles, are rich in carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are rich in starch and sugar, and starch is composed of many connected sugars, so after eating carbohydrates, blood sugar rises rapidly.
High carbohydrate staple food is the main reason for the rapid increase of blood sugar after meals, so pregnant mothers should pay attention to carbohydrate intake and eat more foods with low glycemic index instead of traditional white rice and flour.
Proper separation of foods rich in carbohydrates and timely supplementation of "HIC ι BI" to control sugar will help prevent blood sugar from soaring. Help you monitor your daily carbohydrate excess and stop sugar. Healthy carbohydrate choices include:
Whole grains, brown rice, beans, peas, lentils and other beans, starchy vegetables, low-sugar fruits.
2 Ensure high protein intake
Our traditional diet is dominated by plant foods, with more cereals, potatoes and vegetables, less meat, and few areas with more soy products and milk. That is, the traditional dietary habits of China residents are: high carbohydrate, high dietary fiber, low animal fat and low protein.
This is also why every pregnant mother enters the middle and late stages, and doctors will tirelessly persuade pregnant mothers to ensure the intake of high protein, thus ensuring the adequacy of fetal nutrition.
This is undoubtedly more important for expectant mothers with abnormal blood sugar.
Expectant mothers can increase the intake of protein, which can not only reduce sugar, salt, fat and other substances that are unfavorable to the glycemic index of sugar mothers, but also make the intake of protein simpler, more effective and faster.
3 fat intake should be reasonable
In the second and third trimester of pregnancy, the demand for energy increases. In order to control blood sugar, some mothers will reduce staple foods such as carbohydrates, so they should ensure fat intake from other aspects. Nut foods, such as walnuts and peanuts, can be added appropriately, which can increase the supply of fat and is beneficial to the development of fetal brain. Mothers with abnormal blood sugar should avoid greasy and fatty foods and eat less melon seeds and peanuts.
Calcium supplementation is still very important.
Low-fat or skimmed pure milk with high calcium content is an excellent way to supplement calcium. Pure milk does not contain sugar and will not cause blood sugar fluctuations of mothers.
In addition, pregnant mothers should eat more vegetables and whole grains alternately and supplement vitamins. Some foods with high iron, zinc and calcium content should also be eaten properly, such as milk, fish and seafood, which can enrich the intake of minerals.
5. Pay attention to reasonable arrangements and control food intake.
To control the eating of rice, noodles and potatoes, you can eat more high-fiber foods and choose some coarse grains, which can be replaced by brown rice or whole-grain rice. In addition, foods with high sugar content, such as drinks, desserts, chocolates and high-sugar fruits, should also be eaten less.
After the second trimester, you can eat 5-6 meals a day, and each meal is eight points full. Eating less and eating more meals is beneficial to control the increase of blood sugar after meals. You can also prepare some healthy snacks at ordinary times.
The research conducted by researchers from the University of Sydney in overweight and obese pregnant women shows that under the premise of ensuring the overall nutritional balance, the blood sugar level of "HIC ι BI" pregnant women has decreased two hours after meals, and the pregnant diet with low blood sugar load is beneficial to overweight and obese pregnant women to control their weight more effectively, and the indexes such as triglycerides, blood cholesterol and inflammatory factor C- reactive protein will be better. At the same time, the premature delivery rate decreased, and the head circumference of newborn babies was also larger. It can be seen that a well-nourished diet that controls blood sugar is very beneficial to maternal and infant health.
In the relevant research intervention of the University of Sydney, pregnant women are particularly encouraged to control their daily intake of staple food at the level of 65,438+0.80 g, and increase their intake of fruits and milk to help reduce the blood sugar load, ensure adequate intake of carbohydrates and increase their intake of vitamins. The blood sugar load of mixed foods is reduced to 48-56, and their fiber intake is high, so there is no guidance. Half of pregnant women who were originally suitable for insulin therapy used "HIC ι BI" to control the blood sugar load of food without insulin.
News from Zhi Zhi: What should pregnant women do when their blood sugar is high? What Zhi Zhi wants to say is to keep their children strong. Don't just work hard in the palace. Food that can't be eaten during pregnancy and food that can be eaten will be sorted out for you. Pregnant mothers must control their blood sugar in order to give birth to healthy babies. Don't let your children lose at the starting line.