What should primary school students pay attention to when reading extracurricular books, and what can they do to make reading quality?

The positive significance of reading is self-evident. Du Fu, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, once said, "Reading can break thousands of books, and writing is like a god". At the beginning of life, primary school students are like seedlings that have just broken ground, eager to learn the nectar of knowledge and let themselves grow sturdily. The acquisition of this kind of "manna" depends not only on teachers' limited teaching in class, but also on students' extracurricular reading. Lv Shuxiang, a famous linguist, once said: \x0d\ "Comrades can recall their own learning process, which comes from what the teacher said in class and what they got from extracurricular reading. I think it's about three to seven, which means that 70% is due to extracurricular reading. This view of Lu Lao fully illustrates the great role of extracurricular reading in the formation of students' Chinese ability. \x0d\ A person's Chinese literacy can only be formed through long-term accumulation. As Zhuangzi said, "If the water is not thick, it will be insufficient." . The National Chinese Curriculum Standard for Full-time Compulsory Education clearly stipulates that "the total amount of extracurricular reading in nine years should be more than 4 million words", and the total amount of reading in primary school should be no less than 6.5438+0.5 million words. Its purpose is to enable students to "use a variety of reading methods", at the same time "initially understand and appreciate literary works", "be influenced by noble sentiments and interests, develop their personality and enrich their spiritual world", thus laying the foundation for students' all-round development and lifelong development. If students want to have a lot of accumulation, they must read widely, not just satisfied with the limited time and reading content in class. In order to enable students to read widely after class, teachers must strengthen the guidance of Chinese extracurricular reading for primary school students, stimulate children's interest in reading, and guide them to develop good extracurricular reading habits, so that extracurricular reading can become students' internal needs, a life experience in children's lives and a new conscious lifestyle. \x0d\ 1。 X0d phenomenon of primary school students' extracurricular reading Although everyone is aware of the importance of extracurricular reading, its quality is not optimistic. Generally, there are the following situations: \x0d\ 1. Lack of interest in reading and insufficient reading. \x0d\ We can easily find that many students don't like reading. Because of the regulations of teachers and parents, they have to study. As long as they are not in the sight of teachers and parents, they would rather be in a daze than pick up books. Even if there is, it is not fully committed. This loss of interest in reading leads to a decrease in reading, insufficient absorption and accumulation of language and poor reading quality. \x0d\2. Improper methods lead to poor reading quality and insufficient reading content. \x0d\ The reading methods that students have learned in class cannot be freely transferred to extracurricular reading, and some of them do not know intensive reading, but just skim it without asking for answers; I only need to look at it briefly, but I won't let it go, wasting a lot of precious time. Some parents of students, because of their inexperience, choose books blindly, or the bibliography is too simple, which leads to a narrow reading range, which makes students mistakenly think that reading extracurricular books is just reading documents, or blindly listening to their children's opinions. Some parents are busy with work and have no time to discipline their children and let them choose for themselves. Causes their children to choose some books that are too demanding or too low, and some buy some comic books or even some vulgar books, which is not conducive to their reading development. \x0d\ Why is there such "morbid" extracurricular reading when everyone attaches great importance to it in today's quality education? I think the main reasons are as follows: \x0d\( 1), students are at an active age, and it is not easy for them to settle down to study. At the same time, because the relationship between school and family is not close enough, some parents don't understand the requirements of extracurricular reading and can't guide and supervise, which leads to students' lax extracurricular reading. \x0d\(2) Teachers are not aware of the concept of "big Chinese teaching", and only pay attention to the research of classroom teaching, leaving the vast field of extracurricular activities to students themselves. Although some teachers have entered the field of extracurricular reading guidance, they suffer from the lack of theoretical knowledge and practical experience, so they lack purpose and flexibility and cannot guide students. This is the main reason for the disorder of students' extracurricular reading. \x0d\(3), reading itself is not easy to master. Although extracurricular reading is also a part of Chinese teaching, it must be admitted that most of the time of extracurricular reading is outside the school and is completed by students who go home. Therefore, teachers have some difficulties in mastering extracurricular reading, which also leads to the low quality of students' extracurricular reading. \x0d\ II。 My opinion on guiding students to carry out extracurricular reading \x0d\ (1) Recommend excellent extracurricular reading content for children. Good books educate people with healthy thoughts, inspire people with touching stories, edify people with noble sentiments, attract people with tense, thrilling and tortuous plots, and enrich people with scientific knowledge. Only by educating students to read good books can students be infected and cultivated by the beauty of labor, characters, society and nature from good books, and can they understand the truth, goodness and beauty and establish a correct aesthetic view. Pupils are young, inexperienced and don't know what real beauty is. Teachers should tell students which books are good and can be read, which books are bad and can't be read, and why, and constantly improve students' ability to distinguish what is true and beautiful. Therefore, in the process of guiding students' extracurricular reading, teachers should pay attention to helping students choose suitable extracurricular reading materials to prevent "eating by mistake" and "partial eclipse" in the reading process. \x0d\ 1。 Choose recommendations according to age characteristics. \x0d\ Pupils in lower grades are young, have little literacy and low reading ability, but are full of illusions. You can recommend them more short fairy tales, fables, children's songs and so on. Primary and secondary school students have expanded their knowledge and improved their reading ability. They can recommend some revolutionary stories, children's novels, science fiction stories and children's poems. Such as "Open the Skylight" written by Jiang at the age of ten, teachers teach you to read, excellent books that primary school students must read, children's encyclopedia thinking and doing, five thousand years up and down, and so on. When the reading ability of senior pupils is further enhanced and their life knowledge is further expanded, they can recommend some historical stories, essays and novels that reflect real life, and also recommend some reading materials in social science and natural science. \x0d\2。 Recommend reading according to students' hobbies. \x0d\ Generally speaking, primary school students' favorite reading content is nervous, bizarre, tortuous and interesting, and the genre is fairy tales, fables, stories (folk stories, battle stories and historical stories), and novels (science fiction novels and historical novels) are easy to understand, short and pithy with pictures and texts. In terms of age, juniors prefer fairy tales and illustrated stories, while seniors prefer biographies and historical novels. From the perspective of gender, girls like fairy tales and folk stories, while boys like science fiction, historical stories and biographies. According to the age and cognitive characteristics of primary school students, teachers should start with satisfying their reading desire and recommend reading guidance to students. \x0d\3。 Recommend reading in combination with text study. \x0d\ By studying the text content, guiding students to choose books related to the study of the text content can not only consolidate the content of classroom learning, but also stimulate students' interest in reading and desire to explore. Teachers can recommend reading materials to students according to the extracted texts or the contents related to the texts. For example, there are 300 Tang poems, Andersen's fairy tales and stories of some revolutionary figures. You can also recommend reading materials with the same genre as the text. \x0d\4。 Teach students to find suitable extracurricular reading materials in the library. \x0d\ Due to the lack of extracurricular reading experience, many students walked into the library and didn't know where to put the books they were looking for. Even if they find their own books, they don't know why they put them here, not elsewhere. Some students even asked the teacher directly as soon as they entered the library, asking the teacher to help him find the books he wanted. In this case, I don't just help him find books, but tell him how to find books and let him find them himself. At the same time, we also provide students with basic information education, so that students can find books in the library as easily as they can find things in their own homes. \x0d\\x0d\5。 Guide the selection according to the content recommended by the curriculum standard. \x0d\ The newly promulgated curriculum standard not only stipulates the reading amount of each academic year, but also specially recommends some famous books for students to choose to read. The Ministry of Education has also compiled and published a series of books for primary and secondary school students to choose extracurricular reading materials. These works are both literary and beautiful, and they are delicious food in students' extracurricular reading materials. \x0d\6。 Organize subscription to children's newspapers and periodicals. \x0d\ The contents in children's newspapers and periodicals are carefully edited by editors, with strong demonstration, pertinence and adaptability to students. Teachers can encourage students to subscribe to their favorite newspapers and periodicals, such as Little Copernicus, Edison, Children's Pictorial, Mickey Mouse and so on. Enjoy delicious extracurricular reading in time. In our class, the whole class also subscribed to Pupils magazine for unified reading guidance. \x0d\ (2) An effective way to teach students to read \x0d\ Zhang Zhidong once said, "Reading is meaningless and useless." Pisarov also said: "There are many good books in the world, but these books are for those who can read. The characteristics of primary school students' extracurricular reading are strong individuality, randomness and few controllable factors. Therefore, whether from the perspective of improving reading efficiency or from the characteristics of primary school students' extracurricular reading, we should attach importance to the guidance of extracurricular reading methods to help students master the correct reading methods and improve the efficiency of extracurricular reading. \x0d\ 1。 Let students form the good habit of taking reading notes and studying hard. \x0d\① Intensive reading and skimming. The most direct way to quickly find information and obtain information is skimming, which is the most commonly used but not the only way to read after class. Sometimes, when you encounter nuances that need to be pondered and pondered, you also need intensive reading. \ x0d \ x0d \ ②。 Read, write, mark, draw and remember. Extracurricular reading is very personalized, and what kind of method to choose depends not only on people's habits, but also on reading content and purpose orientation. Some extracurricular reading is limited to reading, some need to write reading notes and fill out weekly (monthly) reading cards, some need to batch and draw lines on them, and when encountering difficult words, you need to look up the dictionary or ask others to add comments. \x0d\\x0d\③, \x0d\ Reading and memory. Obtaining language materials in extracurricular reading is the requirement of "Chinese Curriculum Standards for Primary Schools". In particular, some sentences, paragraphs and articles with beautiful language and wonderful content require students to recite or even recite on the basis of reading. \x0d\\x0d\2。 Learn to read evaluation \x0d\ Reading evaluation refers to the evaluation and inspection of readers' own reading effect in the reading process, and through the feedback of this evaluation result, readers are urged to adjust their reading process in time, which is conducive to the optimization of reading process (this is applicable to senior primary school students). By reviewing the contents of books you have read, reading notes and gaining experience, etc. It is a comprehensive activity to determine whether you can master the main content of the work, understand the author's creative ideas, and understand the creative methods adopted by the author. \x0d\①。 \x0d\ There are multiple evaluation topics. The outstanding personalized tendency of extracurricular reading determines that the evaluation of students' extracurricular reading needs multi-subject participation. That is, students' self-evaluation, mutual evaluation, group evaluation, parents' evaluation and teachers' evaluation are combined. \x0d\②。 \x0d\ The evaluation content is multi-level. The evaluation of students' extracurricular reading is generally carried out from four levels: attitude, habit, quantity and effect. Parents and students can be required to fill in the "feedback card for extracurricular reading" regularly to evaluate the purpose, author, reading time every day, whether they take the initiative to read, reading effect and so on. At the same time, combined with on-site reading report, reading summary card, reading notes detection and so on. , to conduct a comprehensive incentive evaluation of students. \x0d\\x0d\③。 \x0d\ The evaluation results are multi-layered. In order to truly implement and do a good job in extracurricular reading and create a campus with a strong "scholarly" atmosphere, the school should evaluate the extracurricular reading effect of each class every semester. At the same time, the class should also do a good job in evaluating the individual students. On the basis of listening to the reading report, the school can select a certain number of students from three grades: A, B and C (low, medium and high), check the reading effect on the spot against the "reading feedback card", and then make corresponding evaluation with reference to the reading notes. Finally, the "extracurricular reading star class", "excellent extracurricular reading class" and "qualified extracurricular reading class" were judged. As for the handling of students' individual evaluation results, a hierarchical system is also implemented, that is, the selection of "Doctor of Extracurricular Reading", "Master of Extracurricular Reading" and "Bachelor of Extracurricular Reading", and dynamic management is implemented between grades. \x0d\ x0d \ 3。 Read at a certain speed \ x0d \ With the development of society, the amount of information we want to acquire is increasing day by day, and the intake of new knowledge is also increasing day by day. Therefore, the old-fashioned way of reading is no longer suitable for social development, so we should learn to read quickly. The most commonly used method is silent reading. In some primary and secondary schools in the United States, the teaching method of continuous \ x0d \ silent reading \ x0d \ reading has been carried out, with the aim of stimulating students' independent reading motivation and cultivating the habit of lifelong reading. The general practice is to spend 10 to 15 minutes every day, and students will choose the books, magazines or newspapers they want to read in the classroom. Teachers don't ask questions, write books, or record any grades. Its teaching effect is remarkable. \x0d\ (3) Stimulate students' interest in reading, consolidate and expand the reading effect \x0d\ Research experiments show that when students are interested in reading, they always read actively and happily, and do not feel that reading is a burden. \x0d\ In order to deepen extracurricular reading and make students have a strong desire to read, teachers should try their best to create a reading environment for students, provide them with time and space for reading, and carry out interesting activities with rich contents and various forms in the background of reading newspapers to stimulate students' reading enthusiasm and consolidate and expand reading effects. On the one hand, it broadens the knowledge by combining teaching, on the other hand, it makes students' reading interest last. \x0d\ 1。 Set up a class book corner \x0d\ to let students get close to books and books get close to students. The class can set up a class book corner according to the actual situation of the class. Small-scale book corner can provide students with a good extracurricular reading garden and create an extracurricular reading environment. Set up a special librarian and formulate a strict lending system. Let the book corner become the window of spiritual civilization and the base of quality education. \x0d\2。 Establish reading interest groups \x0d\ Organize some students who usually do well in extracurricular reading, establish reading interest groups, and further improve their reading level and ability to use knowledge through the activities of interest groups, and then let these students drive other students to their own classes, thus improving the overall reading level of the class. \x0d\3。 Organize students to go out and enrich their holiday life \x0d\ Enrich their extracurricular life with books. Holidays are the golden season for reading activities. Use holidays, winter and summer vacations to organize students to go to the library collectively, guide students to gradually understand the library, and thus stimulate students' interest in reading in the library. Let students borrow books from the library, come here to find all kinds of latest books and periodicals information materials, satisfy their thirst for knowledge, and carry out "holiday bookworm activities" for a long time. \x0d\4。 Form a system of reading books and newspapers. You can subscribe to certain newspapers and periodicals, such as Little Copernicus, Edison, Children's Pictorial, Mickey Mouse, etc. And use the first five minutes of each Chinese class and class meeting and weekly meeting to organize students' reading and newspaper reading activities in a planned way. Doing so cultivates students' awareness, interest and ability to read newspapers, and helps to develop reading habits. \x0d\5。 Launch a handwritten newspaper production competition \x0d\ to express your reading experience in a self-run newspaper, and do it yourself from layout design to manuscript organization. It enriches students' after-school life, integrates students' reading, writing, drawing and writing abilities, and improves students' comprehensive quality and ability through self-participation education. For example, the handwritten newspaper competition with the theme of "loving the motherland" and "traffic safety" has enhanced students' awareness of small masters and environmental protection, and cultivated students' noble aesthetic quality. \x0d\6。 Carry out reading activities in combination with education and teaching. \x0d\ Students can be required to read several excellent books in one semester and write reading notes. For example, now our class is carrying out the activity of reading pig snoring. In the form of children's favorite, carry out interesting reading activities, such as holding story meetings, lectures, experience exchanges, theme class meetings, reading essays, book reviews and other activities, and select the best reading essays and notes to recommend to the school. \x0d\7。 Combine reading extracurricular books and carry out various exchange activities. \x0d\ Book exchange activities should be in various forms, which can be theme activities. Such as "Long March Poetry" recitation, Andersen fairy tale story meeting. I regularly hold story-telling competitions in my class in combination with reading extra-curricular books, fully stimulate students' interest in reading, summarize and judge in time, give appropriate evaluation, and judge the class as the "king of short stories". Through activities, let students show their reading achievements and experience the fun of reading, so as to devote themselves to reading activities with higher enthusiasm. \x0d\ writer Xiao Fuxing said: "Being able to love reading and know how to read is really a child's greatest wealth." A book is a ship that can take people far away. Shakespeare, the master of drama, said: "Books are the nourishment of the whole world. Life without books is like no sunshine, and wisdom without books is like a bird without wings. " In order to let students have a pair of tough wings, let our students swim in the ocean of books and let them grow up under the nourishment of knowledge, we must fully understand the position and function of extracurricular reading and attach great importance to cultivating students' extracurricular reading ability. Through publicity, guidance and various activities, reading becomes the need of students' study, life, growth and development, and books and reading accompany students' growth.