About milk quantity
A healthy breast-fed mother's milk amount is 750-800ml a day, but the milk amount varies greatly, and some mothers with high prolactin or twins and multiple births reach 2000ml/ day.
1, baby's needs
The output of breast milk depends on the baby's needs, and has nothing to do with breast capacity, so why can twin mothers produce more milk? The baby's needs are related to the baby's age, weight growth rate and body metabolism. In addition, the addition of breast milk substitutes (formula milk) and complementary foods will reduce the baby's demand for breast milk, thus reducing the amount of milk.
2. Diet and exercise
Mild to moderate dietary calorie changes and aerobic exercise will not affect milk quantity.
Mild to moderate restriction of maternal calorie intake has limited effect on milk quantity. A study shows that the milk yield of mothers who consume 1500 calories a day is not affected. Slight weight loss has no effect on milk quantity. In one study, mothers 12 weeks after delivery were randomly designed to eat and exercise 1 1 day. The average weight of the three groups decreased to 1.9, 1.6 and 0.2kg respectively, but there was no difference in the quantity and quality of breast milk and the weight gain of infants.
Severe calorie restriction will affect the amount of breast milk. If the daily calorie intake exceeds 1500 calories, the amount of breast milk will decrease by 15%. Some studies have also found that in areas with limited resources, the average daily breast milk of poor women is 525ml.
3. Other factors
The breast is not completely emptied, and the frequency of breastfeeding is not frequent enough. In addition, my mother smokes, is stressed, tired and nervous. The use of oral contraceptives combined with estrogen and progesterone will also have a slight impact on milk production.
4. Skin contact
Let premature babies have skin contact with their mothers immediately after birth, which can increase the amount of milk.
Factors affecting milk quality
Breastfeeding mothers need extra calories and nutrients from their diet. Although the quality of breast milk is enough to meet the needs of baby's growth and development even when the mother's diet and calorie intake are limited, if the mother's diet is defective for a long time, it will affect her body's nutritional reserves and the nutritional components of breast milk.
1, protein
Dieting will not affect the quantity and quality of protein in breast milk, even if the mother is malnourished.
2. Fat
Mother's diet does not affect the total amount of fat in milk, but the type of fat in mother's diet will affect the proportion of fatty acids in milk. For example, if the mother's diet contains more long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 (including DHA), then breast milk will also contain more long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3. Mothers on a low-fat diet have a higher proportion of medium-chain fatty acids in their milk than mothers on a high-fat diet.
But mother's diet will not affect the content of cholesterol and phospholipids in milk.
3, fat-soluble vitamins
Including vitamins A, D, E and K, decreased with the lack of mother's diet, but increased again after supplementation.
vitamin A
There are few obvious vitamin A deficiency in resource-rich areas. Unless it is in areas with obvious vitamin A deficiency, it is not recommended for lactating women and newborns to supplement vitamin A routinely.
cypridopathy
There is very little content in milk, so it is recommended that all breast-fed children take vitamin D supplements. There is also an unusual supplementary suggestion that breast-fed mothers should take 4000-6400IU of vitamin D every day, but it is not recommended to take vitamin D supplements because the dosage is too high.
Vitamin k
Although it can be obtained from the mother's diet, the content in breast milk is very low. It is suggested that newborns should be supplemented with vitamin K immediately after birth, which can be intramuscular injection or oral administration, but oral administration has limited effect on preventing late vitamin K deficiency bleeding. At present, no research shows that mothers will benefit significantly from extra vitamin K supplementation.
4, water-soluble vitamins
The concentration of breast milk is related to the mother's diet. If the mother is lacking, it will affect the content of breast milk. However, there is an upper limit to the concentration in breast milk, and the concentration in breast milk will not be higher because of a large number of supplements. For example, the maximum concentration of vitamin C in breast milk is 160mg/L, and the maximum concentration of vitamin B 1 in breast milk is 200mg/L. 。
folic acid
If the lack of mother's body will affect the content of breast milk, folic acid should be supplemented before and during pregnancy to make the body have a good reserve.
Vitamin B 12
Lack of vegetarianism, extreme malnutrition and mothers who are common in partial gastrectomy. If breastfeeding, these mothers should consider adding extra vitamin B 12 supplements.
5, minerals and trace elements
Most minerals and trace elements are balanced in breast milk, which has nothing to do with the mother's diet and blood content. Such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, iron and zinc. Therefore, it is meaningless for mother to judge whether milk is deficient in calcium and iron by detecting trace elements such as calcium and iron. But selenium and iodine are related to the content of mother's diet.