Educational Countermeasures for Children with Mental Retardation
Correct understanding of mentally retarded children. Rubinstein's research found:? No matter what the reason for children's mental retardation is, no matter how serious the children's nervous system diseases are and how backward their development is, they are always developing. . He also pointed out that under well-organized education and upbringing conditions, can the dysfunction of these neural processes be eliminated or reduced? . As parents or teachers, we must realize that children with mental retardation have great development possibilities and plasticity, overcome negative attitudes and actively promote this development.
1, pay attention to the cultivation of life skills and behavior habits. The mental deficiency of mentally retarded children limits their cognitive activities and personality development. Only by combining their daily life, giving them correct behaviors, letting them know what to do and how to do it, and forming habits through repeated practice and training, can they initially adapt to social life.
2. They have to be trained in various life skills, self-care ability, simple labor ability and social skills since childhood. Telford and saury pointed out:? Many jobs are simple and easy to master. If they know agility, generous attitude, good appearance and reliable value, they can do a lot of work without difficulty? . They stressed:? The social training needed to develop these characteristics should start as early as possible, so as to develop into a social form that can cope with the environment by itself in adulthood? .
3. Ideological, scientific, practical and different are the principles that must be followed in the education of mentally retarded children. Thought means that we should pay attention to improving the ideological level of mentally retarded children in education, so that they can gradually establish moral concepts of right and wrong, good and evil, follow social behavior norms and become good citizens of socialism.
Practicality means that the content of education should be closely related to mentally retarded children, their future social life and simple life and labor, which will play a positive role in correcting and compensating their intellectual and adaptive behavior defects and lay a foundation for them to adapt to social life and become independent workers in the future. Difference means that the physical and mental characteristics of children with mental retardation are very different, and the reasons for mental retardation are also different. Therefore, in education, special emphasis should be placed on teaching students in accordance with their aptitude and strengthening the pertinence of education.
4. Stimulate interest in learning and help students with mental retardation succeed. Children with mental retardation have poor cognitive enthusiasm and low ambition, but they are eager for praise. As teachers, we should give them special care and help and see their little progress. Children with mental retardation do not have their own standards for judging progress. For them, one step seems to be a big step, and teachers should give affirmation and encouragement in time. In order to let them have a real feeling of their progress, the winners of the competition should be given appropriate rewards in addition to the honorary list and certificate. Even an eraser and a pencil, though of little value, can greatly enhance the strength of mentally retarded children. At the same time, we should also advocate that mentally retarded children should enter the natural and fiery social life, increase their experience and broaden their horizons, thus enriching their perceptual knowledge, guiding them to observe and understand nature and society, and stimulating their desire and interest in the surrounding things. Interest is the best teacher. Only when students with mental retardation are interested in learning can they help them succeed better.
Cultivation of Good Learning Methods and Behavior Habit Strategies for Children with Mental Retardation
Dr. Guinot, an American educational psychologist, once said: After years of teaching, I have come to a frightening conclusion: the success or failure of education. Me? Is the decisive factor. . Usually, we find that students can do well as long as teachers pay attention to the education of will and the cultivation of students' hobbies.
Create a family and social education environment and maintain mental health.
Family education and social education are the extension of school education. Educators at home and abroad generally believe that without the active participation of parents, the education of mentally retarded children can not have good results. This requires schools to strengthen contact and communication with families and create a better educational environment for the healthy development of students. On the one hand, we found the families of mentally retarded children? Intact rate? Much lower than normal children, such as parents divorced. Grandparents? Guardianship, multiple disabilities, excessive poverty and other factors that are not conducive to their mental health development are widespread. Therefore, schools should try their best to supplement these unfavorable factors, such as setting up parent schools to carry out activities, requiring parents to visit their children frequently, helping the poor and helping students, and so on. On the other hand, it is necessary to teach parents the basic knowledge of education for children with mental retardation and the methods of defect compensation and correction, and arrange educational tasks so that parents can effectively assume the responsibility of education. Children with mental retardation have a strong dependence and desire for family relations. Parents' more concern can make them get emotional enrichment and emotional stability, and play a good psychological balance role.