Social work originated from? Poverty alleviation? And social assistance are two inseparable and complementary institutional arrangements. So what's the difference between social work and psychology?
First of all, the problem attribute and subject attribute of psychology and social work are the basis for observing and understanding the essential differences between them.
Generally speaking, since its birth, psychology is a discipline that mainly studies the laws of human mental psychology and personality development. It belongs to an important discipline and research topic of humanities and social sciences, and has a clear discipline perspective, discipline system and discipline research field. Social work is essentially a social service system, a social policy framework and a social welfare system, not a discipline? Theme? . This just shows the interdisciplinary and interdisciplinary nature of social work and the essence of social service system, with a larger scope and more contents.
Secondly, psychology and social work are very different in birth time, historical period and stage of social and economic development.
The psychological phenomena and activities of human society are the historical products and companions of civilized society, and some people have psychological activities. Strictly speaking, social service activities and systems in the modern sense are historical products of industrialization, urbanization and social modernization. Using social services to meet social needs and solve social problems reflects the historical inevitability of the development of modern social service system.
Third, psychology and social work are completely different in value basis, value concept, value goal and social value pursuit.
Generally speaking, the value basis of psychology is individualism, the core value concept is self and self-development, the main value goal is mental health and personality perfection, the social value pursued is personal responsibility and self-improvement, and the individual and self are the subjects of behavior. The value basis of social work is collectivism and social altruism, the core values are social equality, social equity and social development, the main value goal is the coordination and balance between social structure and function and social welfare, and the pursuit of social value is social welfare.
Fourthly, psychology and social work have different theoretical origins, theoretical foundations, theoretical propositions, theoretical assumptions and theoretical perspectives.
The theoretical origins of psychology are philosophy, religion, sociology and psychology. The theoretical basis is the theory of individual mental health, the theoretical proposition is the mental health of individuals and themselves, and the theoretical perspective is the relationship between individuals and environment, stressors and mental health. Biomedical thinking and treatment modes are prevalent, such as neuropsychology, abnormal psychology, developmental psychology and cognitive psychology. The theoretical origin of social work is rich and colorful. In addition to the theoretical origin of psychology, the theoretical origins of politics, economics, sociology, anthropology and social environment all provide inexhaustible ideological and theoretical nutrition for professional social service activities.
Fifth, the service nature of psychology and social work is completely different, which profoundly reflects the fundamental attributes and essential differences between them.
Generally speaking, what is the service nature of all kinds of psychology? Business? The nature of service, psychological consultation service charge is the most typical example, and its deep-seated reason is that the nature and nature of various psychological services are not public, social and welfare services. On the contrary, what is the nature of various social work services? To commercialize? Usually social welfare services? Free? Service, the deep-seated reason is that the essence and nature of various social work services are voluntary, charitable, public welfare, welfare and social service.
Sixth, the policy objectives of psychology and social work professional services are obviously different, which highlights the difference between their social service objectives.
The goal of psychological service is mainly limited to personal mental health and self-personality, while the goal of social policy is weak. The goals of social work service are mainly crowd welfare and social equity, social solidarity and social welfare. In a word, psychological service aims at personal and self-interest, and social policy aims at social work service.
Seventh, the application scope and field of psychology and social work services are obviously different, which highlights the essential difference between them.
Generally speaking, psychological services are mainly suitable for individuals suffering from nervous system diseases, psychological disorders, behavioral disorders and mental disorders, especially for individuals and groups with major disasters and accidents, public safety emergencies, emergency medical rescue and heavy work and life pressure. The application scope of social work service is far wider and more diverse than psychology. International, political, economic, social, cultural, psychological and other fields, especially groups and all walks of life, urgently need social services, such as community, family and personal services.
Eighth, psychology and social work services are different in the nature, types and needs of social problems.
Generally speaking, the nature of problems targeted by psychology is personal psychological barriers, the main types of problems are individual and group needs, the nature of problems targeted by social work services is social problems and social needs, and the main types of social problems are social public needs. In short, what is the problem that psychology aims at? Personal trouble? What are the main problems that social work aims at? Public policy issues? .
Ninth, psychology and social work services are completely different in the main causes and basic types of problems, which reflects the differences between them.
The problems of psychological service are mainly mental and psychological obstacles and behavioral obstacles. The main causes of mental and psychological disorders are social environment, pressure, tension, various stressors and low personal social adaptability. What is the lack of social services? Why? Why? . The social problems targeted by social services are mainly to meet the needs of vulnerable groups, vulnerable groups and all those in need. The lack of social services is only one of the causes of social problems, involving structural reasons such as institutional framework design, policy model and the ability of vulnerable groups.
Tenth, the service objects, scope and types of psychology and social work are obviously different, which reflects their essential differences.
Generally speaking, the object and subject of psychological service are usually individuals, sometimes groups, and individuals are the basic units of service. On the contrary, social work serves a wide range of clients, mainly various social groups, including individuals and families in need, vulnerable groups, vulnerable groups and all citizen groups.
Eleventh, the service scope and content of psychology and social work are obviously different, which typically reflects their essential differences.
Generally speaking, psychological service is limited to psychological measurement, psychological diagnosis, psychological consultation, psychotherapy, psychological assistance and psychological nursing, and the service scope is limited to mental health, and the service content is limited to the fields of mental and psychological disorders and behavioral disorders. On the contrary, social work has a wide range of services and rich and colorful contents. In addition to providing simple psychological counseling and treatment services, it mainly provides political rights, economic assistance, income security, social support and social welfare services for the needy. Social services cover political, legal, economic, social, cultural, psychological and other fields.
Twelfth, the service process and intervention procedure of psychology and social work are obviously different, which typically reflects the essential difference between them.
Generally speaking, the process of psychological service is usually short, which mainly consists of four stages: psychological measurement, diagnosis, intervention and treatment. The service process and procedures are personalized, technical, medical, large-scale and procedural, and the service process is insignificant. On the contrary, the process of social work service is long and complicated, which mainly consists of social issues, policy research, demand definition, scheme demonstration, policy formulation, policy implementation, service provision, service management, service evaluation and service impact. The process and stage of public policy and social policy are obvious, which highlights the political, social, complex and systematic nature of social services.
Thirteenth, the levels of psychology and social work services in the whole social service system are different and distinct.
Generally speaking, people's spiritual and psychological needs and obstacles are the highest level of people's demand structure. Generally speaking, the structure and problems of human diseases can be divided into at least five levels: sub-health, physical diseases, psychological disorders, behavioral disorders and mental disorders. On the contrary, the social problems that social services respond to and solve are mainly the most basic needs of human beings, such as food, clothing, housing, transportation and health. These needs are the basic needs that must be met to ensure the order of human social life and the normal operation of society, and they are also the most basic, basic, important and critical components of modern social service system and social infrastructure system. In a word, psychological service is the highest level service in the social service system, and social work is the most basic and important part.
Fourteenth, there are obvious differences between psychology and social work in nature, objectives, types and service providers.
Generally speaking, the main body of psychological service institutions is psychological service institutions that independently operate psychological consultation, psychotherapy and psychological assistance. The nature of psychological service institutions is not necessarily commercial welfare or public service institutions, such as clinics or psychological consultation telephones. At the same time, the nature of social work service institutions must be? Free or not profitable? Social welfare service or public service organization, the goal of public service, social service and welfare service organization is social goal, and the service provider is welfare service organization. In short, the main body of psychological service institutions is only the secondary category of service institutions, and the main body of social work services is welfare institutions.
Fifth, the service modes, methods and skills of psychology and social work are obviously different, which highlights the differences between them.
Generally speaking, the psychological service mode is to wait for patients to seek medical advice and medicine, and to dispel doubts and doubts. Biomedical treatment mode is prevalent. Psychological measurement, psychological diagnosis, psychological intervention and psychotherapy are not only service modes and methods, but also psychological service contents. The service mode and mode are highly integrated and unified, which requires high personal pertinence, psychological counseling and treatment service skills. On the contrary, the way of social work service is to actively contact individuals, families and people in need and help those in need. There are various ways and means of social service, such as case, group, group and community work. Micro-work and macro-work methods coexist, and service methods and service contents are completely separated. It is very important to raise awareness, organize mobilization, policy propaganda and theoretical research.
Sixteenth, the personnel composition, professional technical fields and professional characteristics provided by psychology and social work services are obviously different.
Generally speaking, psychological service personnel are usually composed of professionals trained in psychology or medicine. Professional and technical fields mainly focus on psychological services such as psychological consultation, psychotherapy and psychological assistance, with strong colors of psychology and psychiatry. At the same time, the team of social work service professionals is diverse. Psychology and medical staff are part of multidisciplinary teams, and social workers are the main body of social service professional teams. Social workers have a wide range of professional and technical fields, covering social life and social needs. All fields, charity, social altruism, public service, social service and? Welfare? Strong service color.
Seventeenth, psychology and social work services are different in the nature, source, composition and payment subject of funds.
Generally speaking, the funds for psychological services are diverse in nature, including financial funds provided by the government and personal expenses paid by patients. The source of funds is usually personal cash settlement, and the reimbursement of psychotherapy expenses can only be included in the medical insurance system in a few countries. On the contrary, the financial nature of social work services is mainly public finance, social welfare finance and social assistance finance. The sources of funds are mainly the budgets of the central and local governments, and the expenditures are various, including administrative management and service provision. In a word, the financial nature of psychological service and social work service is obviously different, especially the reasons for who pays and why.
Eighteenth, the operating mechanism and problem-solving principles of psychology and social work services are obviously different, which highlights the difference between them.
Generally speaking, the operating mechanism of psychological service and the principle of answering questions are superficial, partial, phased and diagnostic services. On the surface, it means that mental and psychological disorders and behavioral disorders are the external manifestations of people's basic needs that have not been met, and they are the sources of pressure, tension and stress, while the deep-seated problem is the lack of social services. Locality means that psychological services are mainly aimed at the mental and psychological obstacles of the clients, not at the political system, economic structure, social environment, cultural traditions and other fields. Stage refers to the stage when services such as psychological consultation, psychotherapy and psychological assistance are only the whole social intervention and social services. Psychological services focus on determining the causes and roots of the clients, with prominent diagnostic function and weak therapeutic function. On the contrary, the operating mechanism of social work service and the principle of dealing with problems are deep-seated, systematic, holistic and comprehensive. Social work service should not only explore the root causes of social problems, but also effectively solve social problems. By fully meeting human needs, it can improve the quality of personal and social life, enhance personal and social welfare, and ensure the harmonious and balanced development of individuals, families and society.
Nineteenth, the administrative management systems of psychology and social work services are obviously different, which typically reflects the structural differences between them.
Generally speaking, psychological service workers usually practice independently or serve independently in medical and health institutions. Social workers rarely practice independently, and mainly provide services in the form of teams in various welfare institutions. In short, the state often adopts professional qualification examination or personnel management for psychologists, and social workers are the management of institutions and services.
Twentieth, the functions of psychology and social work services are obviously different, which reflects the structural differences between them.
Generally speaking, the main function of psychological service is to relieve people's mental stress through psychological consultation, treatment and assistance, provide channels for psychological decompression and anxiety for clients, eliminate psychological and behavioral obstacles and improve their adaptability. On the contrary, the main functions of social work services are varied, such as raising the awareness of clients, organizing and mobilizing the public, providing social services for those in need, improving the ability and empowerment of clients, and engaging in policy propaganda and theoretical research. Social work service plays an obvious social role, mainly through the process of social service and demand satisfaction, to meet the needs of the public and seek social equality, social equity and social unity, thus improving the quality of life of all citizens and promoting social welfare and development.
Twenty-first, psychology and social work are obviously different in serving social consequences and social influence, which highlights the difference in social functions between them.
Generally speaking, the consequences and influence of psychological service are usually limited to serving individuals, and the social color of the consequences is relatively light. On the contrary, the consequences and impacts of social work services are mainly reflected in the vulnerable groups, vulnerable groups and all those who need help. Through professional social service and the process of meeting people's needs, social work service can enhance social equality and social equity, eliminate or reduce the negative social impact brought by market economy, improve personal welfare and social welfare level, and build a harmonious society.
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