Health education content
Dietary guidance
(1) Control carbohydrate intake and eat less foods with high carbohydrate content, such as potatoes, bananas, rice and noodles;
(2) High protein diet, using high quality animal protein, such as fish, shrimp, eggs, milk, etc.
(3) Eat a low-salt diet to prevent hypertension, below 6g/d, and do not eat salted fish, salted duck eggs, pickles, etc. If there is obvious edema and hypertension, the daily salt intake should be controlled at 2~3g.
(4) low-fat diet, eat less foods rich in cholesterol, such as various animal viscera, but eat more foods rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and fatty acids, and it is best not to eat fried foods;
(5) Eat more vegetables containing more cellulose and crude fiber, such as Chinese cabbage and celery.
Sports guidance
To prevent the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy and delay the progress of diabetic nephropathy, besides the application of drugs and diet, exercise is also particularly important. It can effectively control blood sugar and avoid complications.
Reasonable exercise
Reasonable exercise under the guidance of medical staff can increase the utilization of glucose in muscle tissue, help to make better use of insulin, eliminate excess fat in the body, improve blood lipid metabolism, lose weight, regulate heart, lung, nerve and endocrine functions, prevent osteoporosis, prevent and control the occurrence and development of complications of diabetic nephropathy, maintain a happy mood and increase interest and confidence in life.
Sports quintet
(1) Make safety preparations before exercise, test blood sugar and judge whether it is suitable for exercise. Be accompanied during exercise, and carry a blood glucose meter, chocolate or juice with you;
(2) Do warm-up exercise for 5~ 10 minutes before exercise to prevent joint and muscle strain during exercise;
(3) Exercise time is 20 ~ 30min；; (4) At the end of the day, you need to do 5~ 10 minutes of relaxation exercise;
(5) If you sweat after exercise, change clothes to prevent colds. Also check blood sugar and make records, including exercise items, exercise time, exercise place and whether there is discomfort.
sports
When the exercise blood sugar content is lower than 5.5mmol/L or higher than 16.7mmol/L; When the effect of insulin or hypoglycemic drugs reaches its peak; When the feet and lower limbs are numb, tingling or painful; When seriously injured; Shortness of breath, dizziness and nausea; Pain or tightness in chest, neck and shoulders; Blurred vision or blind spots; When suffering from other diseases.
How to avoid hypoglycemia during exercise? Before exercise, the blood sugar was kept between 5.5- 16.7 mmol/L; Bring candy or snacks when you exercise. If you feel flustered, dizzy and other discomfort, you should supplement sugar or snacks as soon as possible. If it is still not relieved, it is necessary to monitor blood sugar in time or go to the hospital. Exercise as much as possible after meals 1 ~ 2 hours; Fasting for too long and not exercising for a long time; Exercise time should avoid the peak of drug action after taking medicine or injecting insulin to avoid hypoglycemia.
Patients with diabetic nephropathy should choose contact and non-competitive sports, especially those that use leg muscles, such as low-intensity and short-term walking, jogging, Qigong, Tai Ji Chuan, ballroom dancing, radio exercises and yoga.
Self-monitoring of blood sugar and blood pressure
Strict control of blood sugar can obviously delay the progress of diabetic nephropathy. Hyperglycemia control must be strictly up to standard. Fasting blood glucose response
Blood pressure should be controlled below 130/80mmHg, which can reduce the high filtration, high perfusion and high pressure of diabetic nephropathy and delay the development of nephropathy and the process of renal insufficiency.