Tangshan is the city that produces the most steel in the world. No country can compare with Tangshan in steel production. Even India, with the second highest steel output, produced only 80% of Tangshan's last year. So today's Tangshan is a veritable steel capital of the world. It is not without reason that Tangshan can become the capital of steel. Tangshan is endowed with unique resources, and its geographical position just falls in the throat between North China and Northeast China, and it is adjacent to Bohai Sea in the south.
The sea is adjacent to Beijing and Tianjin, and it happens to be in the earthquake zone. The geological activities here brought the unfortunate Tangshan earthquake, as well as extremely shallow coal mines and iron mines. The development of the steel industry can be said to be the only one. In the past, the steel industry was the power to brush GDP. There is nothing wrong with saying that the steel industry is stupid. It doesn't need much technical content, high-quality talents and capital, but only needs to sacrifice the environment and a large number of cheap labor, so that it can realize the large-scale growth of economic data and make the city look infinitely beautiful.
On the surface, Tangshan seems to have a bright future and is the economic leader of Hebei Province. However, people generally look down on him and think that his fate is like Detroit in the United States, because the iron and steel heavy industry moderns has passed, and it is difficult to get rid of the dependence on steel. How dependent is Tangshan on steel? Since the beginning of this year, affected by the epidemic, many industries in Tangshan have experienced negative growth, but the steel industry as a pillar has increased instead of falling. In the first quarter of this year, over 90% of Tangshan's GDP growth came from the steel industry. Behind this is the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the intensification of inflation, which has boosted the acceleration of steel prices and made Tangshan steel industry shine. However, it is always temporary. Tangshan's iron and steel industry is surplus all the year round. With the arrival of carbon neutral policy at the peak of carbon dioxide emission, the decline of steel industry is only a matter of time.
Tangshan is also trying to make a difficult transition, but when it comes to steel and port business, Tangshan can switch to high-tech industries, such as energy conservation and environmental protection, life and health, which Tangshan is making great efforts to do. Because there is no technology and talent, it has so far accounted for less than 6% of GDP. Tangshan's economic structure is extremely unbalanced, and industry accounts for 55% of the economy, which makes the three northeastern provinces that have always claimed to be old industrial bases shake their heads again and again. The highest among the three eastern provinces is Liaoning, with an industrial proportion of less than 40%.
What's wrong with the high proportion of industry? The problem is very big, because Tangshan's industry is not high-tech, but the most traditional energy heavy industry, which is naturally a monopoly industry. The prosperity of such industries is actually the money of resources. Monopoly and profiteering are the biggest secrets behind GDP, and such monopoly industries are naturally hotbeds of traffic, corruption and local tyrants. Years of extensive development have made Tangshan's scientific and technological innovation not respected, ordinary workers can't get high income, and young people have no background and can't find the meaning of staying.
The industrial chain of resource-based industries is short, and ordinary people can earn very little money. With the development of traditional industries blocked, Tangshan has a large outflow of population, especially the departure of young people, and the aging is increasing. In 20021year, the resident population of Tangshan was 7.697 million, a decrease of 26.5438+0 million compared with the previous year, which was the first decrease in recent years. As for the population structure, aging and declining birthrate. In the seventh census, the population aged 60 and over in Tangshan has exceeded 22%, 8 percentage points higher than that in Liu Guilian. Although Tangshan is the forerunner of industrial economy, it has missed the development wave of industrial transformation. Undoubtedly, for a traditional heavy industrial city with weak economic growth and declining permanent population, such a fierce public opinion impact is right.
The influence of local economy is especially harmful to the city image and attracting investment. There is a simple reason. Who would want to invest in a city with frequent underworld crimes? Speaking of investment, how is the property market in Tangshan now? Once, because Tangshan was close to Beijing, the land kings were frequent and the new district was hyped. 1988, the increase exceeded that of Shenzhen. In 20 17, the house price in Tangshan was only more than 6,000 yuan, but it jumped by more than 10,000 yuan in the second year, and the purchasing power of ordinary people was seriously invested. Now that Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei is integrated, Tangshan has been abandoned and the super tenants have withdrawn. In August last year, Tangshan organized developers such as China Resources and Vanke to prevent further decline in house prices. However, the price limit order did not work, and the property market declined for half a year in a row, and the de-melting cycle was as high as nearly six years. Caofeidian and Tangshan Bay have spent a lot of money invested by ordinary people in recent years, and also left a lot of unfinished projects. The hegemony of steel also made Tangshan pay an environmental price. Ten years ago, what Tangshan people felt most was that dozens of steel enterprises lived next door.
Such as white smoke, the visibility of air is not high all the year round, freight trucks come in and out, and the dust is all over the sky. 19 13, Tangshan organized a large-scale shutdown operation, dismantled equipment, exploded chimneys, and forcibly dismantled a number of backward steel production capacity that had been included in the elimination list. The logic behind it is also clear. If the environment is not improved, it will be impossible to attract high-quality talents and promote the development of emerging industries quickly. Without the development of emerging industries, it is impossible to make up for the economic losses caused by the elimination of excess capacity.
After environmental problems become public problems, even without the introspection or supervision of the national environmental improvement department, local citizens will wake up to environmental problems and demand the government to strengthen environmental governance more and more directly. This kind of administrative supervision is faster and more inevitable, and may even lead to square protests or street politics. In the past, quantity was more important than quality in local development. Tangshan's GDP is more than 800 billion, not only surpassing Shenyang and Dalian, but also surpassing its own provincial capital Shijiazhuang. In the eyes of outsiders, Tangshan is a city.
A modern civilized city with developed economy, but in fact Tangshan economy is the most typical negative textbook of GDP-only theory. The rapid growth of GDP has not brought Tangshan high fiscal revenue, social consumption, urban construction and youthful vitality. These low-tech industries, such as steel, cement and minerals, brush out GDP and pollution, but have no profit and income.
Young people come to Tangshan to choose the best major, and they can only enter steel mills in large numbers after graduation. The results show that not only three shifts, but also day and night upside down, the environmental noise pollution is great, but the salary is not high. There are 100 people, and more than 90 people will leave in three months. Tangshan people's main jobs are still in mines, iron works and cement plants, almost all of which are state-owned enterprises, so it is not surprising that all kinds of related households are in enterprises. The backward market economy makes coal bosses and gang bosses have to use money to clear the way, and they are unscrupulous and become the benchmark of success in the eyes of local people. The more developed the market economy, the more people's income comes from science, technology and education.
The more perfect the legal system and morality will be, the behavior of coal bosses and just bosses will be despised by the mainstream of society. But it is precisely because Tangshan's economy was kidnapped by the backward Mei Yugang that it became more and more powerless in the face of darkness. How to transform resource-based cities is a headache for all countries in the world, and Dubai is the most successful case. Speaking of Dubai, everyone will think that it is not at the same level as Tangshan.
Although these two cities are completely different from Qian Qian, the vision and thinking of Dubai's transformation is indeed a textbook to break the resource curse. Like all resource-based cities, before that key resource was lit up, Dubai was just a small village with a population of 20,000, which was equivalent to a town here. Dubai discovered oil in 1966 and suddenly became the richest region in the Arab world.
Finally, to sum up, the incident of beating people in Tangshan reflects not only the problem of nine tyrants, but also the problem of urban transformation that every once heavy industrial city needs to face. Tangshan is just a typical case. Some people say that nine people in Tangshan are not equal to seven million people. Indeed, among Tangshan people are my favorite director Jiang Wen and my favorite sketch actor Zhao. Tangshan was once called the city of heroes, but now facing problems and criticisms, what is lacking is not the ability to solve problems, but the courage to admit them.