First, the guiding ideology and basic principles of mental health education
1. To carry out mental health education for students in secondary vocational schools, we must adhere to the guidance of Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents and implement the national education policy. Carry out the spirit of "Several Opinions of the Central Committee and the State Council on Further Strengthening and Improving the Ideological and Moral Construction of Minors", "Implementation Outline of Civic Moral Construction" and "the State Council's Decision on Vigorously Promoting the Reform and Development of Vocational Education", adhere to the principle of educating people, and apply the theory and method of mental health education to cultivate students' good psychological quality and promote their comprehensive and harmonious physical and mental development according to the physiological and psychological characteristics of secondary vocational school students.
2. Mental health education for students in secondary vocational schools should be based on education, pay attention to guidance, take students as the main body, follow the laws of students' physical and mental development, and ensure the pertinence and effectiveness of education. We must adhere to the following basic principles: combine science with practice, pay attention to experience and adjustment; Combine psychological quality training with vocational education training objectives; Combining the whole orientation with the concern for individual differences; Combining development with prevention and correction, based on development; Teachers' scientific guidance is combined with students' active participation and parents' cooperation.
Second, the objectives and main contents of mental health education
3. The goal of mental health education is to improve the psychological quality of all students, help them to establish mental health awareness, cultivate their optimistic psychological quality, enhance their psychological adjustment ability and promote the sound development of their personality; Help students to know themselves correctly, enhance their self-confidence, learn to cooperate and compete, cultivate students' professional interest and respect their psychological quality, and improve their ability to cope with setbacks, match careers and adapt to society; Help students solve psychological puzzles and behavioral problems in their growth, study and life, give scientific and effective psychological counseling and consultation, provide necessary help, and improve students' mental health.
4. The main contents of mental health education include: popularizing the basic knowledge of mental health, establishing mental health awareness, understanding simple psychological adjustment methods, understanding psychological abnormalities, correctly understanding and grasping oneself, and mastering certain mental health knowledge. It focuses on teaching, consulting, counseling and helping students according to their characteristics and their actual needs in growth, study, life and job hunting.
5. Schools must set up the specific contents of mental health education in stages and in a targeted manner according to the characteristics of students' physical and mental development at different ages and the needs of career development.
The first grade stage:
Help students adapt to the living and learning environment of secondary vocational schools, adjust their mentality, build up confidence, cultivate good learning methods and habits in their studies, experience the joy of success and stimulate their interest in learning; Encourage students to constantly know themselves, develop their potential, accept themselves and improve themselves in their study and life; Help students understand the training goals, learning goals and life goals of their future careers and majors in professional courses and other activities, and cultivate their professional interests; Help students integrate into the collective and cultivate a sense of responsibility, obligation, honor and friendship in collective construction; Understand the sexual psychological phenomenon in adolescence, help students learn to control their emotions and treat heterosexual communication correctly.
Second grade stage:
Help students master effective learning methods and strategies, and improve their thinking ability, innovation ability and operation ability; Guide students to understand their emotions, personality and ability characteristics, improve self-awareness, cultivate good professional awareness, understand society, pay attention to the relationship between reality and future career choice, and establish correct career ideals; Help students develop interpersonal skills and establish good relationships between classmates, teachers and students and parents; Help students understand the meaning of life, cherish life and constantly improve their personality.
Third grade stage:
Help students prepare themselves psychologically for employment, establish employment goals or the development direction of continuing their studies; Guide students to get familiar with the society, experience the society and experience the profession through learning and various practical opportunities, and establish a correct view of career choice, career and entrepreneurship according to their own interests, abilities and personality characteristics, so as to cultivate innovative spirit and practical ability; Help students to establish a sense of cooperation and competition, enhance their confidence in coping with professional challenges, improve their adaptability to life and society, learn to cope with pressure and setbacks, and maintain a healthy and good attitude.
Third, the ways and methods of mental health education
6. Offering mental health education courses. All localities should, according to the Opinions on Moral Education Curriculum and Teaching Arrangement in Secondary Vocational Schools issued by the Ministry of Education, incorporate mental health education into the moral education curriculum system, and offer elective courses of mental health education, generally not less than 10 class hours per semester.
7. Carry out psychological consultation and consultation. Schools should actively create conditions for the establishment of psychological counseling rooms, and give guidance to students' psychological and behavioral problems in their growth, study and life through various forms such as group counseling, individual counseling, psychological and behavioral training, letter counseling, online counseling, and setting up hotlines to help them solve their psychological confusion. For individual students with serious mental disorders and mental illness, they should be identified and referred to professional diagnosis and treatment departments in time.
8. Infiltrate mental health education in practice. Practice training is an important channel for students to get in touch with society and experience their career. It is necessary to guide students to adjust their professional psychology, help them to consolidate and strengthen their positive emotional experience, overcome psychological tendencies that are not conducive to future employment, correctly treat career choice and career development, understand the social significance and value of careers, and cultivate their professional interest, dedication and good professional psychological quality.
9. Through the construction of campus culture, create a positive, healthy and progressive campus cultural atmosphere and mental health education environment. At the same time, we should make full use of various publicity media, such as radio, television, internet, school magazine, school newspaper, window and other forms, and use the second classroom activities to widely publicize and popularize mental health knowledge and cultivate students' mental health awareness. Mental health education should be closely integrated with students' daily education management, and fully penetrate into school teaching, management and service.
10. Establish a close contact and communication mechanism between schools and families, strengthen communication with parents of students through parents' schools, parent-teacher conferences, teachers' home visits and other forms, and give full play to the role of families, so that schools and families can jointly do a good job in mental health education.
Four, the organization and implementation of mental health education
1 1. Education administrative departments at all levels should earnestly strengthen the leadership and management of mental health education in secondary vocational schools, actively organize schools to carry out mental health education, and help solve the problems and difficulties encountered in school mental health education. Mental health education should be included in the scope of supervision and evaluation of secondary vocational schools, and corresponding rules and regulations should be established.
12. Schools should incorporate mental health education into the moral education system, and gradually establish a mental health education system in which principals are responsible, moral education teachers are the main body, class teachers and full-time and part-time mental health education teachers are the backbone, and all teachers participate. Schools can be equipped with necessary full-time mental health education teachers, and their preparation is solved from the overall preparation of the school. According to the actual needs, the school can also hire a certain number of part-time teachers or psychological counselors. In principle, the funds for developing students' mental health education should be solved as a whole in the funds for moral education. Schools should be equipped with necessary mental health education facilities and constantly improve the conditions.
13. Strengthen the training of mental health education teachers. Education administrative departments and schools at all levels should incorporate the contents of mental health education into the training plans of local and school teachers, conduct mental health education and training for all teachers, especially moral education teachers, and improve the awareness of mental health education for all teachers; Focus on organizing key teachers engaged in mental health education to carry out professional training to improve their professional theory and operational skills. The training content includes theoretical knowledge learning, operational skills training, case analysis and practical exercises. The Ministry of Education will organize relevant experts to compile teacher training materials and train key teachers in a planned and phased manner.
14. Strengthen the management of education and teaching and improve the quality of mental health education. When implementing mental health education, schools should proceed from students' reality, take all kinds of problems and needs encountered in students' growth, study and life as the main line, clarify the key points and difficulties of mental health education through collective lesson preparation and cooperative teaching and research, and adopt scientific and effective educational forms and methods to enhance pertinence and effectiveness.
15. Attention should be paid to preventing the simplification of mental health education and avoiding limiting the object of mental health education to a few students with psychological and behavioral problems; Avoid equating mental health education with subject teaching and limiting it to the teaching of psychological knowledge; Avoid simply attributing students' mental health problems to ideological and moral problems, and don't adopt blunt education methods.
16. We should follow the professional requirements of mental health education, use scales or other testing methods carefully, and do not force students to accept psychological measurement; The scale and test methods used must be scientific, and we can't simply draw conclusions based on the test results of the scale; The results of psychological tests should be kept strictly confidential. Examinations are not allowed.
17. The compilation, review and selection of textbooks, teachers' books and related educational materials for mental health education in secondary vocational schools shall be carried out in accordance with the unified requirements of this guiding outline. Textbooks, teachers' books and related educational materials that enter the school must be used only after passing the inspection by experts organized by the Ministry of Education or the provincial education administrative department in accordance with relevant regulations.
18. Local education administrative departments and schools should strengthen the scientific research and popularization of mental health education. The teaching and research departments of vocational education should incorporate the research on mental health education into their work plans, and strengthen the research on the relationship between mental health education and people's all-round development, teaching of various professional disciplines and professional quality. Exchange and promote the excellent scientific research achievements and good experiences and practices of mental health education in schools.