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The origin of "Waibaidu Bridge".
Waibaidu Bridge-Waibaidu Bridge stands at the intersection of Suzhou River and Huangpu River in Shanghai. It is a through bridge with steel frame structure and the largest steel bridge in Shanghai. The bridge has two holes, * * * length106.7m, carriageway11.2m wide, and sidewalks on both sides are 3.6m wide. After many transformations, the current load is 20 tons. Judging from the English name "GardenBridge" on the bronze medal commemorating the bridge, it should be called "Park Bridge", but why should it be called Waibaidu Bridge? There is another story.
At the beginning of Shanghai's opening, there were no bridges on both sides of Suzhou River, and people came and went by ferry. The ferries where ships dock include Tou Ferry near Zhapu Road and Bridge today, Erdu Ferry at Jiangxi Road today, and Waidu Ferry near the east of Suzhou River. Because the north and south banks of Suzhou Creek were divided by British and American Concessions, the original ferry was far from meeting the needs of colonial authorities in the Concession, so an Englishman named Wells came forward to organize the Suzhou Creek Bridge Construction Company, which spent about 12000 yuan to build a huge wooden bridge at the outer ferry in 1856. 65,438+02,000 yuan was divided into 65,438+025 shares, which were held by 65,438+02 shareholders headed by Wells, so the name of the bridge at that time was Wells Bridge. Later, because of the location of the bridge, Shanghainese used to call it the "Outer Ferry Bridge". The deck of the outer ferry bridge is about 23 feet wide and 450 feet long. When a big ship passes by, a trap can be hoisted high in the middle of the bridge to suspend the traffic on the bridge. After the boat passed, it was unique.
Wells really made a fortune using the outer ferry bridge. He claimed that Shanghai Daotai allowed him to own the bridge for 25 years, and anyone crossing the bridge had to pay two pence and double the car. Later, it was found that this "bridge crossing tax" was specifically levied on China people, but foreigners were often exempted from paying it, so they were all indignant and protested against the cancellation of the bridge crossing tax, otherwise they would rather resume the ferry crossing. 187 1 year, Wales began to repair the railway bridge in order to change the situation that the bridge head of Waidu Bridge was once left out in the cold because Shanghai residents refused to pay taxes. Later, due to shoddy construction, some bridge columns and bridges fell into Hanoi, Suzhou. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has seen that Shanghai people are increasingly opposed to the collection of bridge tax. Finally, in August of 1873, a wooden bridge with a length of about 100 m and a width of about 12 m was built in the west of Waibaidu Bridge, which was named "Park Bridge", echoing the nearby Bund Park. Park Bridge was officially opened to traffic in mid-September of that year. People no longer need to pay for crossing the bridge, so everyone calls it "Waibaidu Bridge" ("white" means no payment). In the same year, in June 5438+10, Wells sold the outer ferry bridge to the Ministry of Industry at a discount, and it was demolished soon.
1906, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology began to build an iron bridge, which was completed the following year and opened to traffic at the end of the year. In the meantime, the wooden bridge of Waibaidu Bridge was also demolished and replaced by the iron bridge we see today. The original name of Waibaidu Bridge is this majestic iron bridge. The name of this bridge has been called for nearly a hundred years, but its real name "Park Bridge" has been forgotten. Only the bronze medals built to commemorate the bridge are quietly displayed in the showroom of Shanghai History Museum, as if telling people the rise and fall history of Suzhou River, a unique giant bridge on the inland river of China in modern history.
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(2003) Waibaidu Bridge, the oldest steel structure bridge in China, has a history of nearly a hundred years. If it can be well maintained and well monitored, it should not be a problem to use it for another 30 years. The reporter learned from Shanghai Municipal Engineering Administration that a scientific research achievement "Study on the Remaining Life and Safety in Use of Shanghai Waibaidu Bridge" jointly carried out by Shanghai Municipal Engineering Administration and Tongji University has just been released, and has passed the appraisal of scientific research achievements of the Municipal Construction Committee. On the basis of in-depth investigation of the historical archives of Waibaidu Bridge, the experts involved in the research carried out on-site traffic observation and load measurement tests on the bridge, carried out ultrasonic flaw detection on the key parts of the whole bridge, and calculated the remaining life of the bridge by using the engineering fracture mechanics method for the first time in China. It is said that this scientific research achievement has reached the leading level in China.
Waibaidu Bridge, built at 1907, is the first all-steel bridge in China. All steel products are imported from Britain, and the technology and technology of the whole bridge are also completed by the British. According to experts, at present, the quality of this steel is not the best, and the riveting technology used in the construction process has long been eliminated. However, as the only unequal-height truss bridge in China today, Waibaidu Bridge is also the oldest bridge still in use in China, which has extremely important cultural relics protection value. From the perspective of bridge architecture itself, Waibaidu Bridge is also a unique scenic spot and historical review in the Bund international architecture, with strong characteristics of the times and brands.
The reporter learned that at present, according to the needs of Shanghai's urban economic development, the old bridges that undertake the traffic operation in Suzhou River Basin in the downtown area, such as Tibet Road and Bridge, Xinzha Road and Bridge, Changhua Road and Bridge, have been rebuilt due to the aging bridge structure and narrow deck access. The Waibaidu Bridge, which is still in charge of traffic, is set to three lanes from south to north. Although the traffic volume is limited, the daily traffic volume remains at around 30,000 vehicles.
In view of the historical fact that Waibaidu Bridge, a riveted bridge, has been used for nearly 100 years, experts first combined the traditional fatigue analysis method with the modern engineering fracture mechanics theory to form a complete theoretical system for evaluating the residual life and service reliability of the old steel truss bridge, which has great popularization and application value for the detection of other similar bridges. At present, four key parts of the bridge, A 1E 1, A3E3, A4E5 and A5E5, have been reinforced. In order to ensure the appearance characteristics of Waibaidu Bridge, the internal steel plate reinforcement scheme will be implemented soon.
As for how to protect the oldest steel bridge in China, the experts who participated in the evaluation suggested that the relevant government departments should first change their past consciousness of attaching importance to construction and neglecting maintenance, and operate in strict accordance with the relevant norms of the Ministry of Construction. In their view, in addition to strengthening the daily inspection of the century-old bridge, it is also necessary to conduct an annual "physical examination" of the bridge, and use ultrasonic detection every 10 year to determine whether the cracks have expanded.
According to the Shanghai Municipal Engineering Management Office, in order to maintain and maintain the century-old Waibaidu Bridge, they have formulated measures for regular inspection and safety monitoring of the bridge, and also restricted the tonnage of passing vehicles. Heavy vehicles, especially container trucks, over 15 tons are no longer allowed to pass on the Waibaidu Bridge.
It spans Suzhou River and is a through bridge with steel frame structure. The bridge has two holes, * * * length106.7m, carriageway11.2m wide, and sidewalks on both sides are 3.6m wide. After many transformations, the current load is 20 tons.
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Monument to Shanghai People's Heroes.
This conical monument is 60 meters high. Its lines are concise and lively, and its shape is steady and straight, pointing directly at the sky. A closer look reveals that the shape of the monument is actually a "gun"! _ _ _ _ 38 cannon! The whole monument is shaped like a gun, and three guns are connected together. I was immediately moved by this modeling with profound and rich historical connotation! The monument to the People's Heroes is shaped like a gun, which shows that the history of China since modern times is the history of China people's armed revolution against armed counter-revolution and the history of China people's armed resistance against foreign aggression. As a symbol of rest between marching and fighting, "gun" not only symbolizes the immortal spirit of revolutionary martyrs, but also shows that the people of China, represented by revolutionaries, are still on the journey of returning to the fields without disarming after turning a page in the history of people's liberation. It is easy to remind people of the historical scene of the People's Liberation Army sleeping on the streets when it first entered the bustling Shanghai, which once left a very deep impression on the people of Shanghai. The whole monument is personalized and full of strong spiritual ideas.
Feel the designer's vision and ingenuity. The designer draws lessons from the research results of China Party History and China Modern Revolutionary History, establishes a very distinct viewpoint in the form of architecture, and vividly and accurately reflects this theme with the modeling of guns. Considering that the image of a gun generally gives people a sense of movement and excites people easily, the designer skillfully chooses the shape of "holding a gun", which gives people a prominent and special sense of silence and creates a solemn atmosphere, which not only meets the specific requirements of the monument, but also achieves the effect of occupying a place in the hustle and bustle of the Bund. The structure of the monument is a three-dimensional triangle. At first glance, the form is simple, but when you think about it carefully, it is not. These three "guns" all extend obliquely and tilt to the same point at the top. If the design and construction are inaccurate, the foundation settlement will be uneven after a long time, and the foundation may crack, so this design is likely to reflect the extremely high level of contemporary domestic architectural design and construction. According to the description on the instruction board, this monument was designed by Tongji University in Shanghai and was selected from more than 0/00 bidding schemes at that time. I'm surprised.
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