1. Reasonable design of process flow: Reasonable design of process flow and improvement of production equipment and operation methods are the fundamental measures to improve working conditions at high temperature. The arrangement of heat source should meet the following requirements: ① try to arrange it outside the workshop; (2) When using hot-pressing natural ventilation, try to arrange it under the skylight; (3) when using natural ventilation based on through flow, it should be arranged as far as possible in the downwind side of the dominant wind direction in summer; ④ Take heat insulation measures for heat source; ⑤ Make the workplace easy to take cooling measures, and partition walls (plates) can be set between heat sources, so that hot air can rise along the partition walls and be discharged through the skylight to avoid spreading to the whole workshop; ⑥ Hot finished products and semi-finished products should be shipped out of the car in time or stacked on the leeward side.
2. Thermal insulation: Thermal insulation is an important measure to prevent thermal radiation. In particular, water has the best thermal insulation effect and large specific heat, which can absorb radiant heat to the maximum extent.
3, ventilation cooling:
(1) Natural ventilation means natural ventilation through doors, windows and gaps, but this method is not enough for high-temperature workshops.
② Mechanical ventilation: a. Adopt local or comprehensive mechanical ventilation or forced cold air to reduce the working environment temperature; B. In the high-temperature workshop, set up an isolated operation room, send cold air indoors or install air conditioners.
(2) Health care measures
1. Give drinks and supplement nutrition: workers exposed to high temperature should supplement water and salt equal to the amount of sweating, the salt content of drinks is 0. 15%-0.2%, and the drinking method should be a few times; Appropriately increase high-calorie diet, protein, vitamins and calcium.
2. Personal protection: The work clothes of high-temperature workers should be made of fabrics with heat resistance, low thermal conductivity and good air permeability. According to the needs of different jobs, personal protective equipment such as working caps, protective glasses, masks, gloves, shoe covers and leg protectors should also be distributed.
3. Strengthen medical prevention: Workers exposed to high temperature should undergo physical examination before employment and in summer. Those who suffer from organic diseases of cardiovascular system, vasomotor insufficiency, persistent hypertension, ulcer, active tuberculosis, emphysema, liver and kidney diseases, obvious endocrine diseases (such as hyperthyroidism), organic diseases of central nervous system, allergic skin scars, patients recovering from serious illness and the infirm are not suitable for high-temperature operation.
(3) Organizational measures
1, strengthen leadership, improve management, strictly abide by the relevant national health standards for high-temperature operations, and do a good job in heatstroke prevention and cooling. For example, according to the methods and standards in Classification of High Temperature Operation (GB/T 4200- 1997), the high temperature operation of this unit is classified and evaluated, generally once a year in summer.
(2) Promote the knowledge of heatstroke prevention and cooling.
(3) Arrange working hours reasonably to avoid the highest temperature. Rotate the operation to shorten the operation time. Set up a lounge to ensure that workers exposed to high temperature have proper sleep and rest.