The so-called mental health refers to a state of people's psychological function, that is, an ideal state in which people can give full play to all their psychological potential. Inglis believes: "Mental health is a continuous mental state, in which the parties can adapt well, have the vitality of life, and fully develop their physical and mental potential." Primary school students are in adolescence. They are simple-minded, lively and active, and have poor self-care ability. They are easily influenced by bad social environment and unhealthy phenomena. In addition, they are basically only children, and most of them are spoiled by their parents and families. They have developed many bad habits in infancy, which is quite unfavorable for their future growth and their psychological quality is fragile. They must be trained in psychological quality and educated in patriotism, politics, ideology, morality and law and discipline. Let them grow up gradually, guide them to establish a correct learning attitude, establish collectivism, overcome individualism, be polite and law-abiding, and form good habits of study, life and daily activities. Therefore, it is particularly important to strengthen mental health education in primary schools. Psychological quality education is a broadening of the content of moral education in the practice of moral education reform, a profound understanding of the object of moral education, and a new requirement for the quality of talents put forward by the development of the times. Psychological quality education is an indispensable basic quality education in moral education.
2. Standards and contents of pupils' mental health
To judge a person's mental health, there are usually the following criteria: First, they should have normal cognitive ability, be able to objectively reflect external things, face reality squarely, accept reality, and make normal judgments and inferences; Second, we should have optimistic mood and positive and healthy mood; Third, we should have normal behavior reflection and good will quality, and have strong ability to tolerate setbacks; Fourth, we should have normal communication skills, be able to accept others, get along well with people around us and maintain good interpersonal relationships; Fifth, we should have a correct self-concept, know ourselves, evaluate ourselves realistically, and maintain moderate self-esteem and self-confidence; Sixth, the intelligence is normal, and the psychological behavior conforms to the age characteristics. Therefore, the contents of mental health education in primary schools should include: intellectual development education, non-intellectual factors education, interpersonal relationship education, environmental adaptation education, healthy personality education and so on. Through education, students can understand the law of intellectual development, tap intellectual potential, optimize intellectual structure and cultivate innovative ability. It is necessary to cultivate students' self-awareness, good sentiment and emotion, strong will, positive and enterprising spirit and self-improvement attitude towards life; Students should learn to get along with others, integrate into the collective, make full preparations, and adapt to changes in the environment and various difficulties encountered.
3. Ways of mental health education in primary schools
Improve self-cultivation and pay attention to the exemplary role of personality. All educational activities in education are based on the personality of educators, and the personality of teachers affects the emotional and personality development of students. In Chinese teaching, teachers should use the tension of personality to infect and educate students and eliminate students' psychological, emotional and learning obstacles, so as to gradually enhance students' strong sense of responsibility for people, society and nature and their sense of mission in building the future. Therefore, as a Chinese teacher, I not only strive to improve my professional knowledge, but also pay more attention to improving my self-cultivation, and strive to educate students on mental health through words and deeds.
Walk into the classroom as a friend. Imagine: a teacher who puts on airs all day and doesn't communicate with students with a straight face. How can children contact you without psychological burden? How can they learn to associate with others? Pupils' psychological state is not yet mature, and they are easily frustrated, so they will have psychological pressure. At this time, teachers need to be their intimate friends, listen to them patiently, open their hearts to communicate with them, help them solve difficulties and reduce pressure. Only in this way can they gradually learn to communicate with others, dare to face challenges and adapt to society. In the classroom, if a democratic and equal relationship is established between teachers and students, students will speak more actively because they don't have too many concerns. They are completely free to answer questions in Chinese class, and they are very courageous and dare to express their opinions. Without the psychological burden, the thinking environment is relaxed and the natural effect is better. 3.2.2 Instruct students as elders. Teachers' identities should be multiple, and teachers' responsibilities are also varied. The equal relationship as friends allows students to have a relaxed and harmonious learning environment. However, difficulties in learning will also worry them. If parents have high expectations for their children's study, these students will be very worried before each exam, fearing that they will "miss". What should they do? Teachers should appear as elders at this time, telling students that grades don't mean everything, but an incomplete inspection of our usual study. Besides, the course of Chinese can't be measured by a score or achievement. As long as you study hard, learn your abilities and skills well, don't pay too much attention to these two achievements. If I were your parents, I would understand you and believe your parents would. Under careful guidance, children will gradually alleviate their worries. But students' learning effect will be better after unbinding.
Excavate examples of teaching materials and cultivate healthy personality. The new textbook attaches great importance to human development. Chinese teachers should grasp the key points of teaching, fully tap the factors of mental health education in teaching materials, guide students to understand, and let mental health education naturally permeate in the process of Chinese teaching. The content of the textbook covers a wide range, including language training, ideological and moral education and mental health education; Not only selected a large number of excellent chapters with both literary quality and beauty, but also created colorful characters. This is an extremely exquisite and rich character gallery. Teachers should let students know the noble souls of these characters, guide them to take these characters as examples, and let students receive subtle education in the process of learning Chinese, purify their hearts and cultivate their sentiments, which is conducive to the formation of a sound personality.
Enrich students' emotional experience and cultivate noble sentiments. The main content of emotional education is to cultivate students' good emotional self-control, good emotional quality and noble social sentiment. The highest requirement of emotional education is to cultivate students' noble sentiments of seeking truth, goodness and beauty. From the content, it includes sense of reason, morality and beauty.
There are many texts in primary school Chinese textbooks that show the love for the motherland, the pride and dignity of the nation, the obligation to social labor and public affairs, the honor to the social collective, the friendship to classmates and the feelings of internationalism, all of which are the main contents of moral sense. For example, textbooks such as Wan Li Great Wall and Zhao Zhouqiao introduce our precious historical heritage. Let students be proud of these precious historical heritages and cultivate their national pride.
Aesthetic feeling is a kind of advanced social emotion, which is related to people's aesthetic needs and is caused by the phenomenon of beauty and ugliness. There are countless texts in primary school Chinese textbooks to cultivate students' aesthetic sense. Educate students with these beautiful things in social life and let them form a positive attitude towards life: optimism, friendliness, love of life and love of life.
Establish a correct concept of frustration and cultivate students' frustration tolerance. The cultivation of frustration tolerance should make students have a correct attitude towards setbacks and cultivate tolerance and transcendence of setbacks. There are many words in the textbook that show the hero's excellent quality of not being discouraged after encountering setbacks, overcoming difficulties with tenacious perseverance and achieving success. In teaching, students can be guided to take these model figures as examples, learn skills and methods to deal with setbacks, and cultivate tenacious perseverance to overcome difficulties. It can be said that as long as the consciousness of infiltrating mental health education into Chinese education is truly established, Chinese textbooks will hide opportunities for mental health education everywhere.
Do a good job in practical activities and infiltrate psychological education. With the continuous development of educational reform, the requirements of education for Chinese teaching are increasing. Of course, students' Chinese level can't reach the outline requirements by studying a few classes a week. So we must "open a small kitchen"-engage in some Chinese activities and supplement students with "nutrition".
At ordinary times, I combine Chinese practice activities, aim at some common psychological phenomena of students, plan small activities with educational significance, and carry them out step by step in a planned way. Such as "I can do it" series of activities: "I can do it by speaking boldly in class", "I can do it by being tolerant and humble to others", "I can do it by helping others" and "I can do it by overcoming difficulties", so that students can get exercise in the experience and cultivate their psychological quality.
Take composition as an outlet, and keep a sunny mood. People with mental health will also have various negative psychological experiences. At this time, people always have the desire to express themselves, so they say, "get it off your chest quickly." Pupils' emotions are easy to be exposed, their self-control is poor, their emotions are unstable, and they are easy to get excited and explode. When you meet happy things, you are happy, jumping, depressed and even crying when you encounter difficulties and setbacks. In order to keep students in a good mood, the best way is to let them talk. Teachers, parents and classmates can all be the objects to talk to. However, these people may not always listen to you in a timely and timely manner. As a result, the composition book has become the most loyal audience of students. In composition teaching, I often design some composition topics that are convenient for students to express their inner emotional activities, such as "Teacher, I want to tell you", "Mom, listen to me" and "I am so happy today". Encourage students to tell the truth and express their true feelings in their compositions. Students can also be encouraged to write more diaries, record their true feelings at any time, and vent them in the diaries when they are affected and disturbed by bad emotions, so as to get rid of negative psychological experiences and keep their mood lively, cheerful, stable and full of vitality. At the same time, it is also beneficial for teachers to grasp students' psychological trends in time and conduct timely guidance and education.
There are many ways to infiltrate mental health education in Chinese teaching, which are worth exploring and innovating by Chinese teachers. Mental health education is a brand-new subject, but also a professional work. We should strive to create conditions to cultivate students' good psychological quality, so as to better promote quality education.