In China, most patients with AD are cared for at home. Health education should be provided to patients and caregivers, including risk factors, etiology, symptoms, disease development, treatment and nursing, so as to improve caregivers' caring ability and provide consultation and support for patients and caregivers. Communicate with patients emotionally, guide patients to express their ideas, and encourage patients to maintain a comfortable mood and emotional stability; When they are anxious, try to use language to comfort them, ease their emotions, meet reasonable demands and reduce conflicts; Family members are required to take appropriate communication methods to alleviate abnormal behavior when they find abnormal behavior of patients. Especially for caregivers, they bear huge care tasks, psychological burdens and economic losses, and some have serious physical and mental obstacles, such as anxiety, depression and various physical discomfort. The health status of caregivers is closely related to the prognosis of patients. We set up "Lu Yi Peer" Salon for patients. While giving health education to patients, we also sincerely care for caregivers, find their physical and mental problems in time, intervene in time, help them improve their compassion, love, patience and perseverance, guide them to take care of patients and improve the quality of care. Early patients have mild symptoms and complicated activities, such as work, shopping and financial management. Their basic daily life is not affected. With the aggravation of the disease, the patients' basic living abilities such as eating, dressing and defecation are affected, which requires a certain degree of care from their families. After the illness worsened, the patient completely lost the ability to live, leading to bed rest, infection, bedsore, venous thrombosis of lower limbs, malnutrition and multiple organ failure, and died of complications. Different nursing strategies and methods should be adopted for AD patients at different stages.
For patients with mild AD, we should encourage them to take physical exercise, take comprehensive treatment, participate in support groups, actively improve their sleep, give them personalized activities guidance, improve their independence in daily life, and use various reminders to help them maintain their existing functions. It is suggested that patients should be followed up regularly to evaluate their cognitive status, daily living ability and the effectiveness and side effects of various treatments. Discuss with patients and their families the impact of diseases on work and other safety-related issues (such as falls), and maintain and improve patients' functions through intervention; Arrange a regular life and allocate rest and activity time reasonably.
For patients with moderate AD, because patients may lose the ability to use tools, it is necessary to find potential dangers in time to ensure the safety of patients. Ensure the safety of items placed within the patient's visual range. Household items should be placed in a fixed place, placed in an orderly manner, and easy to access; Drugs and hot water should be placed well and stably to prevent accidental eating and scalding; Iron and sharp instruments should be managed remotely to prevent accidental injury and personal injury; Manage kitchen utensils, and cut off power and gas in some areas; Check the circuit regularly to prevent accidents; Patients with poor directional ability and mental symptoms in the later stage are prohibited from going out alone. When they go out, they need to carry their identification or contact information with them in case of loss or accident. It is suggested that the cognitive status of patients should be evaluated as soon as possible, and further nursing plans and intensive care plans should be discussed with patients and caregivers. Evaluate the safety of patients regularly, and ensure the safety of patients by improving facilities, detecting the drug use of patients and using safety tips in time to prevent patients from getting lost.
For patients with severe AD, their living ability is seriously impaired, and finally they are bedridden, with many complications, including malnutrition, infection, bedsore, deep vein thrombosis, multiple organ failure and so on. Symptomatic treatment and supportive treatment should be carried out to ensure nutrition, treat infection, prevent bedsore, prevent joint deformity and muscle atrophy. Assess the nutritional status once a month; To prevent choking, you can give it to the stomach tube; Protect patients' skin and prevent bedsores; Carry out passive activities of limbs and joints regularly to maintain the functional position of limbs and prevent joint deformity and muscle atrophy. It is suggested to evaluate the physiological function of patients and provide comfortable nursing as much as possible. It is necessary to fully discuss the treatment plan and patient care objectives with patients' families, refer to patients' previous opinions and plans, and formulate optimized nursing plans and hospice care plans suitable for patients; When making nursing plans, we should respect the beliefs and choices of patients and their families.