1990, Fujian and southern Zhejiang suffered many storm surge disasters in succession, resulting in heavy losses. The coast of Jiaodong Peninsula in Shandong Province was hit by sudden waves; There have been some red tide disasters along the coast; There have been two consecutive oil spills from ships in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea.
Storm surge disaster
1. Fujian Province suffered four consecutive storm surges, with serious losses.
From late June to early September, 1990, in just over two months, the coastal areas from Minjiang Estuary in Fujian to Xiamen City suffered four consecutive storm surges, all of which were caused by typhoons that landed in this area during the astronomical tide.
At 05: 00 on June 24th (the second day of the fifth lunar month), Typhoon No.5 landed in Fuding County, and then moved northward along the coast, affecting Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu and other places in China. The typhoon that landed in Fujian in June was once in a hundred years and met with astronomical tide. The tidal level along the coast is generally high. The gushing water varies from 0.78m to 1.44m, and the gushing water on both sides of Minjiang estuary is greater than1m. Affected by the storm surge of Typhoon No.5, there are 15 tidal stations along the coast from Minjiang Estuary to Lianyungang, which exceed the local warning water level, including Longwan and Longwan. It is reported that the loss of water conservancy projects in Fuzhou area is about 6.5438+million yuan, 500 ships are damaged and l ships are sunk. Five people died in Ningde area. 6,000 mu of reclaimed land in Fuan County was flooded, resulting in a loss of 1 10,000 yuan.
On August 20th (the first day of the seventh lunar month), typhoons 1 1, 12 landed in Fujian three times and then went into the sea three times. It has formed an extremely strange road. The typhoon hovered in Minjiang Estuary for five days, which coincided with the astronomical tide period in this sea area. During the three days from August 19 to August 2 1 day, the high tide level of each tide gauge station near Minjiang Estuary almost exceeded the local warning water level, and the water increase of each station exceeded 1 m, and the serious water increase exceeded 1.5 m (see table). Because the tide peak and flood peak meet at Minjiang Estuary, the flood near Minjiang Estuary has flooded. Five counties, including Fuqing, Changle, Fu 'an, Fuding and Longxi, and more than 30 towns and villages were flooded, and Fuqing County was flooded by nearly two floors. The low-lying areas in Cangshan District of Fuzhou City are seriously flooded. According to the statistics of more than 70 regions (cities) in the province, the affected population was 4144,500, with 12 1 person dead, 2,570,700 mu of flooded farmland, 44,565,438 houses collapsed, 5,352 livestock died, 447 bridges were washed away and 654,330 boats were floated away.
At 20: 00 on September 4th (July 16th of the lunar calendar), the No.1 17 strong tropical storm landed in Fuding County. The tropical storm takes only 17 hours from its formation to its landing, and the rapid blueness makes Haiphong unprepared. In addition, during the spring tide, the coastal water level in Fuding generally exceeded the warning water level. Due to heavy rain and rising tide level, Dianxia, Shali and other towns were flooded, with a water depth of 65,438. According to the statistics of Fuding County, which was seriously affected, 420,000 people were affected in 10 townships and 184 villages, 65,000 mu of farmland was flooded, 33 people died, 26 people were seriously injured, houses collapsed in1265,438 rooms, 65,438 kilograms of grain was lost, and 84 heads of livestock were killed 6.5l
Three days after typhoon 17 landed in Fuding county, typhoon 18 landed in Jinjiang county on September 8. At this time, influenced by typhoon 17 and astronomical tide, the coastal tidal level is generally high. Under the action of typhoon 18, a total of 15 tidal stations along the coast exceeded the local warning water level, among which the maximum water increase at Minjiang Estuary and Meihua Station was 1.43m, and the maximum water level was 9. 15m, which exceeded the local warning water level by 0.95m, and the maximum water increase at Wenzhou Station in Zhejiang Province was 2.4/kl. ..
Fuzhou was affected by typhoon 18 and storm surge. From September 7th to 9th, almost all the factories stopped production, 30% of them were flooded, and the urban infrastructure such as electricity, transportation, water supply and communication were seriously damaged. The bungalows and old houses collapsed one after another, schools, institutions, shops, hotels and houses were surrounded by water, and power and water were cut off. At the same time, the flood control levee in Lianjiang County burst 1.50 meters, and 20,000 people were flooded. Six low-lying towns and villages in Putian County were flooded with a water depth of 0.8 ~ 1.5 m, and nearly 1 10,000 people were trapped by water. According to the statistics of 54 counties in 9 prefectures and cities, 6194,300 people were affected, 623,000 people were seriously affected, 249,000 people were resettled urgently, and 300198,000 mu of flooded farmland, including173,580 mu of disaster and16.
1990 is a rare year with multiple storm surges in the history of Fujian province. Of the five typhoons that landed, four only occurred during the astronomical tide, which brought serious losses to Fujian Province. This year, the National Ocean Forecasting Station strengthened the prediction of marine disasters, and the above four kinds of storm surge disasters were predicted in time and early. At the same time, in order to strengthen the local government's attention to the marine disaster forecast, in addition to the previous telegraph, telephone and TV forecasts, major storm surge disasters were also sent by the Central Secrecy Bureau to the local provincial and municipal government offices in clear text, and the local governments were informed in time to help them do a good job in moisture prevention and disaster relief. This work has been praised not only by the local people's government and the flood control department, but also by the national leaders.
2. Wenzhou and other places in Zhejiang Province suffered from tidal disasters.
After landing in Fujian Province, Typhoon 18 continued to move to the northwest, directly affecting Wenzhou. Due to the strong typhoon and large scale, and the local high tide period, the tidal level in Wenzhou coastal waters soared, and the tide went up the river, and the upstream flood failed to escape, resulting in flooding in Wenzhou. The street center of Pingyang County is 3 meters deep, and there are several towns around it.112000 people are flooded. The dikes and ponds along the river 10 kilometers in Oubei Town, Yongjia County were all swallowed up by the tide, and the plain became a Wang Yang. More than 50 dikes were washed away, and more than 65438+100000 mu of fertile land in the county was flooded. Yueqing county 1.600 m dike was destroyed, 25,000 mu of rice in the county was flooded, and Rui 'an city1.2000 mu of rice was flooded. According to the records of Wenzhou Tide Station, the maximum storm surge of this typhoon increased water by 2.4 1 m, and the water increase above 1 m lasted for more than ten hours. On September 8, the highest tidal level at Wenzhou Station 12 was 6.33 m, which was 0.33 m higher than the local dangerous water level, making it the second highest tidal level since Wenzhou recorded it. According to the statistics of Wenzhou Flood Control Headquarters, 946,300 mu of farmland was flooded in the typhoon disaster of 18, with the affected population of 1.897 million, 22 people died, 240 people were injured, and the grain loss was 52 1.65 kg. After the mature late rice was soaked in water in a large area, it lost its harvest, sank 7l and collapsed.
Typhoon No.5 landed in Fujian during the second spring tide in May of the lunar calendar, which also brought extremely serious storm surge disasters to the neighboring Wenzhou area of Zhejiang Province. The maximum water increase at Wenzhou Station is 1.4 1 m, and the maximum water level exceeds the local dangerous water level for 6-7 hours. This tidal disaster affected130,000 people in Wenzhou. The collapsed houses 163 rooms damaged 220 ships. Due to the broken telephone poles, Wenzhou was cut off from water and electricity for more than 20 hours, and the dikes and ponds in the whole city 179 were washed away. The 10,000-mu reclamation project in Meitou Town, Ruian City, which cost 8.5 million yuan, was all flooded, and the 4,000-meter dike was basically flat, with 323,600 mu of flooded farmland and shrimp ponds.
(2) Wave disaster
1. The typhoon waves in Fujian and Zhejiang coastal areas have been seriously damaged.
This year, the coastal storms in China are more serious, mainly in the coastal areas of Fujian and Zhejiang. Especially in the Minjiang Estuary of Fujian and the coastal area of Wenzhou in southern Zhejiang, due to the high waves, typhoon waves have a wide range of influence and serious harm. According to statistics, the superposition of typhoon waves and high tides caused damage to coastal protection projects and water conservancy projects, as well as damage to ships on the shore, resulting in direct economic losses of 500 million yuan. According to the statistics of Fujian Provincial Fisheries Department, 10600 mu shrimp pond was washed away, 127500 mu shellfish culture failed, 249 1 fishing boat was destroyed, 12500 nets were lost, more than 3000 cages were found, and more than 60 safe havens were damaged, with a total loss of 3666.
2. The coastal area of Jiaodong Peninsula in Shandong Province suffered from sudden wave disaster.
On the night of April 30th, Shandong Peninsula was affected by the cyclone entering the sea, which caused the coastal areas of Changdao County, Rongcheng City, Wendeng City and other counties and cities in the south of Bohai Sea to be attacked by rare storm surges. The wind gradually increased in the early morning of May 1 day, reaching around noon1. The wave height in the central Bohai Sea is 4 ~ 5m. When Shidaoyang stands on the shore, the wind speed is 2 1m/s, and the wave height is 3.3m The coastal ports are blocked by strong winds and huge waves, and seawater flows backwards in some areas. In this process, the number of deaths and economic losses are rare in history. According to statistics, there were 22 fishermen killed in Rongcheng, 35 ships were damaged/kloc-0, 60,000 mu of kelp was damaged, 30,000 mu of scallops were lost, 6.5438+0.6 million mu of scallops were lost, 58,300 nets were damaged, 363 meters of docks were washed away, and the city lost 284 million yuan. Changdao County has destroyed more than 9,000 mu of culture area, accounting for 45% of the culture area, including 2,500 mu of kelp and 0/.500 mu of scallop/kloc-0. Another 3,000 mu of agricultural materials were all destroyed, and more than 70 fishing boats were damaged, 8 of which were washed ashore by the wind and waves and all of them were scrapped. Three ports and docks were destroyed, and the breakwater of more than 60 meters collapsed. The direct economic loss is about 60 million yuan. In addition, Rushan, Wendeng and Weihai also suffered losses to varying degrees.
Malicious shipwrecks still happen from time to time.
According to the statistics of transportation departments and insurance companies, four ships of over 1,000 tons were sunk in China waters this year, including foreign ships 15, with nearly 1,000 casualties and direct economic losses of over 100 million yuan. Most of these shipwrecks occur when ships are sailing in huge waves. For example, on June 5438+0990+1October 18, due to the influence of cold air, the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea successively blew strong winds of magnitude 7-8 and huge waves of 4-5 meters. Two days later, a ship sank in the sea near 26 25' east longitude12100' north latitude, and another example:11Sunday morning, the 8,000-ton "Jianchang" China freighter was hit by a strong wind of magnitude 8 and 7. The economic loss of the above shipwreck is amazing. Affected by the cold air from the south in winter in China, the East China Sea, the Taiwan Province Strait, the bashi channel and the South China Sea often maintain a huge wave area of 4-5 meters, and sometimes a wild wave area of 6-9 meters can be formed in the center, which should be highly valued by transportation, shipping, petroleum, fisheries, offshore construction and other operating departments.
According to the introduction of Shanghai Maritime Safety Administration, Zhejiang Provincial Communications Department and Fujian Provincial Communications Department, the number of disastrous waves this year is obviously less than that in previous years, and all departments are based on correct ocean forecasting, and the ships sailing are equipped with modern communication equipment, so the number of shipwrecks and average accidents in the whole year is obviously reduced. Compared with the whole year of 1989, the economic loss of maritime accidents in Fujian province decreased by 62.9%, the number of shipwrecks decreased by 33% and the number of deaths decreased by 58.3%. There is no general accident in Shanghai Maritime Safety Administration. In particular, there were no serious shipwrecks in shipping, fishery, offshore oil exploration, towing and offshore port construction that received special forecasting services from the National Ocean Forecasting Station.
(3) Sea ice disaster
June 1989, June 165438+ 10 to March 1990, the ice conditions in Liaodong Bay of Bohai Sea and northern Yellow Sea are perennial, but the ice conditions in Bohai Bay and Laizhou Bay are lighter than normal.
1Early ice appeared in Liaodong Bay of Bohai Sea and northern Yellow Sea in mid-October, and in Bohai Bay and Laizhou Bay in late February, the early ice age was slightly advanced. The worst period of ice conditions occurs from late October to early February in 1990+65438. During this period, the ice situation developed rapidly, which hindered the navigation of ships and threatened oil platforms. Some ships broke down under the action of ice floes. At the end of 65438+ 10, two Japanese 5,000-ton freighters were blocked by drifting ice in Liaodong Bay and drifted with the tide. The range of flowing ice in Liaodong Bay is about 80 nautical miles, mainly gray ice and Bai Bing, with lotus leaf ice and gray ice in the middle. The average ice thickness is 20 ~ 30 cm, and the maximum ice thickness is 50 cm. The flowing ice ranges in Bohai Bay and Laizhou Bay are about 25 nautical miles and 20 nautical miles, respectively, mainly gray ice and Nile ice, with a little gray ice in the middle. Generally, the ice thickness is 5 ~ 15 cm, and the maximum is 30 cm. The ice flow in the northern part of the Yellow Sea is 25 nautical miles, mainly gray ice and lotus leaf ice, with occasional gray ice. The coastal estuary area is mainly Bai Bing, with a general ice thickness of 10 ~ 20cm and a maximum ice thickness of 40cm.
(d) Red tide disaster
The monitoring results of 1990 show that there are 34 red tide disasters along the coast of China. Among them, East China Sea 18, Bohai Sea 7, Yellow Sea 3 and South China Sea 6. This year's red tide disaster occurred early, widely distributed and lasted for a long time, especially in the East China Sea, Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, which is rare in recent years.
1March, 990 19, China patrol boat 7 1 which was on a mission in the South China Sea found red tide in the waters near the mouth of Dapeng Bay, Guangdong Province, and pink floating objects appeared on the sea surface. This phenomenon lasted for l days. On April 9, a large area of red tide was found in the sea near Chiwan, with a maximum width of 200 meters and a stretch of 5-6 nautical miles. At low tide, it affects the waters near Guishan Island, and the red tide lasts until the morning of 10.
1At the beginning of May, 990, China patrol aircraft found red tides in the waters near Taizhou Archipelago and Taohua Island, Zhejiang Province, with a strip distribution and an area of more than 7,000 square kilometers. Secondly, in late May, a red tide occurred from the Yangtze River estuary to Luhua Mountain, covering an area of about 2,700 square kilometers. Affected by red tide, coastal aquaculture and marine living resources have suffered serious losses. For example, in Changhai County, Liaoning Province, affected by only one red tide, more than 7,000 mu of scallops died and the economic loss was more than 20 million yuan. A red tide occurred in the waters near Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, and hundreds of thousands of fry died in the experimental base of Nanhai Fisheries Research Institute. The red tide area near Dongtou Island in Zhejiang Province exudes a strong fishy smell, and there are dead fish floating from time to time. This year, many red tides occurred in the coastal areas of China, which caused quite serious harm to mariculture. Red tide not only causes huge losses to mariculture, but also poses a threat to human health, and the damage to coastal tourism, marine ecological environment and fishery resources is even more incalculable.
In recent years, red tides have occurred frequently in China's coastal areas, and the scope has been expanding, and the harm has become more and more serious. Especially the threat to coastal mariculture and fishery resources is even more worrying. Red tide has become a marine disaster in China's coastal areas, and some people call it "cancer under the sea", which should be highly valued by relevant departments.
(5) Oil spill accident
1At 2: 40 am on June 8, 1990, two foreign cargo ships collided in the sea about 30 kilometers southwest of Laotieshan, Dalian, and the Panamanian cargo ship Maya No.8 immediately sank, causing a large area of oil spill, forming an oil film with a width of about 18 km from north to south, a length of about 70 km from east to west and an area of about 1260 square km. Due to the large-scale drift and diffusion of oil spill, the normal ecological environment of surface water bodies has been destroyed, and the environmental quality of this sea area has dropped sharply, leading to the occurrence of red tides. Experts believe that the oil spill has damaged the environment and ecological resources in this sea area. According to preliminary statistics, the direct economic loss caused by mariculture is only about 9 million yuan, and the harm to benthic organisms and its potential impact are even more difficult to estimate.
18 June, 12: 55, the 8000-ton "Luhai 65" container ship of Shandong Shipping Company collided with the 4000-ton "Tianjin Hangjun 102" ship of Tianjin Waterway Bureau near the No.6 buoy in Jiaozhou Bay. The environment in Jiaozhou Bay has been seriously damaged, and mariculture and salt industry have suffered losses.
According to 79 cases of oil spill pollution discovered by China Maritime Surveillance Aircraft during its cruise surveillance in the East China Sea, the oil spill pollution in the East China Sea is mainly distributed in the arc sea area of Hengsha-Changjiang Estuary-Luhuashan-Shengshan-Xugong Island-Yongjiangkou.
Second, the characteristics of 1990 marine disasters
(A) the storm surge disaster occurred in a concentrated area and time, and the disaster was serious
As predicted in China Marine Disaster Bulletin 1989, "the overall storm surge disaster in 1990 is younger than that in the previous year, but the possibility of severe tidal disasters in some areas is not ruled out". This year's storm surge disaster is concentrated in Fujian Province, which occurred four times in more than two months, which is quite rare in the history of tidal disasters in China. Although the forecast department has strengthened the storm surge forecast, leaders at all levels and the flood control headquarters have also mobilized a lot of manpower and material resources to rescue and rescue the disaster, which has greatly reduced casualties, but the economic losses are still very serious.
(2) A storm surge in the history of Taizhou, Zhejiang.
Following Typhoon No.23 of 1989, TyphoonNo. 15 of 1990 landed in Jiaojiang City again, and there were extra large water increases of more than 2 meters at Haimen and Jiantiao stations, both higher than the maximum water increase of Typhoon No.23 of 1989, which was the extreme value of storm surge water increase at this station. Nevertheless, because the typhoon landed in the low tide period, the maximum water increase occurred in the low tide period, and the highest tide level of the above two stations did not exceed the local warning water level. If typhoon 15 landed during the spring tide, the tidal disaster would be no less than typhoon 1956.
(3) The South China Sea is less affected by storm surge.
Guangdong and Hainan provinces, which were affected by typhoons in previous years, have no obvious typhoon storm surge disasters this year.
This year, two typhoons landed in Guangdong, Typhoon No.4 landed in Haikang County and Typhoon No.9 landed in Haifeng County. Because these two typhoons affected the coastal areas during the astronomical tide, the increase of storm surges at coastal stations was not large, and the high tide level did not exceed the warning water level.
Typhoon 16 passed through the southern tip of Hainan province, and the wind force in the southern coast was strong. Affected by heavy rain and typhoon waves, some coastal projects were destroyed and coastal aquaculture suffered different degrees of losses.
(d) The northern sea area was affected by two typhoons, with local high tide.
Shanghai and Jiangsu were affected by typhoons No.5 and 15 in the north, and some large storm surges increased water. In particular, Typhoon No.5 affected the north of the Yangtze River estuary as early as June, and the high tides at Shanghai Huangpu Park Station and Jiangsu Lianyungang Station exceeded the warning water level for the first time in history. Affected by Typhoon Noel. 15, Shanghai and Jiangsu coastal areas have seen a large increase of more than 1 meter. Coupled with heavy rain, some streets in Shanghai have serious water accumulation.
(e) Temperate storm surges occur earlier and more frequently.
This year, the temperate storm surge did not cause disasters, but the process time of storm surge was obviously advanced and the number of times increased. According to statistics, late February of 65438 to early February of the following year is a quiet month without storm surge disaster. However, this year is very different from previous years. The process of temperate storm surge started from 65438+ 10/0, especially on the first day of New Year's Day (65438+10.27), and an obvious water increase process affected Laizhou Bay in Bohai Sea, with the maximum water increase at Yangjiaogou Station 1.79 m and Xia Ying Station/kloc. After beginning of spring, cold air activities became more frequent, almost every four days. On April 12, there was a serious flood process, and Yangjiaogou was flooded by 2.6 1 m, and the flood time of more than 2 meters lasted for 5 hours. Due to the low tide, the highest tidal level in Yangjiaogou only slightly exceeds the local warning water level. This year's temperate storm surge lasted until July. Due to the continuous occurrence of warm winters in northern China, the activity time of temperate storm surge is advanced. Therefore, "storm surge disasters occur all the year round in China" is not an empty talk.
(6) Be alert to sudden storms and waves brought by cyclones.
On May 1 day, the wave disaster in Jiaodong Peninsula caused huge economic losses and casualties in Rongcheng, Wendeng and Weihai. In spring and autumn, there are many cyclones in Bohai Sea. Although the intensity is not as good as that of a typhoon, the wind sometimes reaches 9 ~ 10, and huge waves of 3 ~ 4 meters are generated. The damage caused by huge waves to aquaculture, fishing boats, docks and ports along the Bohai Sea cannot be underestimated. In this sudden wave disaster, Rongcheng City alone lost more than 200 million yuan and 22 people died. The disaster situation is quite serious, which should attract the attention of relevant coastal departments and strengthen the prevention of sudden storm surges and wave disasters.
(7) There are obviously fewer disastrous waves this year.
According to statistics, 1990, the number of days when disastrous waves of more than 4m occurred in the offshore of China was obviously less than normal, because the number of days when huge waves were caused by cyclones entering the sea was obviously less than normal, including Bohai Sea 12 days (less than normal 14 days), Yellow Sea 38 days (less than normal), East China Sea 65 days (less than normal).
(8) The sea ice is light, and the final ice date is obviously advanced.
This year, the sea ice situation is relatively light, and the final ice day in each sea area is 5 ~ 20 days earlier than normal. The northern sea area began to melt in mid-February, and the sea ice melted quickly. Bohai Bay and Laizhou Bay ended in late February, and Liaodong Bay and northern Yellow Sea ended in mid-March.
(9) Red tides occur frequently, for a long time and widely.
This year is a year of frequent red tides, and the statistical analysis results show that large areas of red tides have appeared in coastal areas from south to north. The frequency of red tide in Zhoushan Islands and Bohai Sea in the East China Sea has an obvious upward trend, and the red tide season has been extended to winter accordingly. The sea areas where red tides occur are mostly inland seas and harbors with serious pollution, high eutrophication and poor water exchange.
(x) Man-made marine disasters-oil spill cannot be ignored.
According to incomplete statistics, during the ten years from 1974 to 1984, there were 19 oil spill accidents from ships above 100 tons in China's sea areas, with a total oil spill of 24,000 tons. Oil spill accidents are not only caused by ship collision, but also by offshore blowout and oil leakage from onshore oil storage tanks. 1989, Huangdao oil depot exploded, and more than 630 tons of crude oil leaked into Jiaozhou Bay, which seriously damaged aquaculture and tourism in the waters near Qingdao. There have been two major oil spills this year. In recent years, large-scale marine oil spill cases are on the rise year by year, and the situation is grim, which should arouse the attention of relevant departments to this man-made marine disaster.
Iii. Marine disaster prediction in China in 199 1 year.
It is estimated that the total number of storm surge disasters in 199 1 is lower than 1990 or the same as 1990. Geographically, the storm surges in Guangdong, Hainan and Guangxi will be more than 1990. Followed by Hangzhou Bay, Changjiang Estuary and its northern waters; Storm surge disasters in southern Zhejiang and Fujian coastal areas are younger than 1990, especially in Fujian coastal areas. In recent years, temperate storm surges have occurred frequently, and the time of occurrence is obviously ahead of schedule. It is predicted that the potential risk of temperate storm surge in northern coastal provinces and cities such as Shandong, Tianjin and Hebei will increase.
It is predicted that the number of disastrous waves over 4m in 199 1 will be higher than that in 1990, which is close to normal. From 199l to 1992, the ice conditions in Bohai Sea and northern Yellow Sea will be lighter than normal. With the rapid development of China's coastal economy, marine environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious, and the degree of eutrophication of water bodies is becoming more and more serious. It is predicted that 199 1 red tide will occur more frequently, its scope will continue to expand and its harm will be more serious.
Four. Suggestions and countermeasures
(a) vigorously promote the use of marine forecasting products to reduce the loss of marine disasters.
At present, the National Ocean Forecasting Station and its four subordinate forecasting stations (Qingdao, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Haikou) publish daily forecasts of waves, storm surges, sea ice and sea temperature in China offshore and the northwest Pacific Ocean. In addition to the normal forecast service, they also provide special ocean forecast service, which is broadcast on CCTV and china national radio every day. Regional stations also publish ocean forecasts of various sea areas on TV stations and radio stations of local provincial and municipal governments. At the same time, the daily wave situation, wave forecast and ten-day sea ice forecast are released by wireless fax. Whenever there is a storm surge, increase the disastrous ocean forecast, and send the forecast to the provinces, cities and districts that may be affected by the storm by telegraph, telephone and wired fax. It is hoped that government departments at all levels will strengthen the use of marine forecasting and reduce the losses caused by marine disasters.
(two) to do a good job in storm surge forecasting, the implementation of the national tide gauge network.
The monitoring and forecasting of storm surge plays an important role in mitigating marine disasters, and the tide level observation data of tide gauge station is indispensable for storm surge forecasting. At present, tide gauge stations in China are managed by several departments, which influence each other in the use of data. In order to improve and perfect this exchange system and organizational form, and give full play to the role of various departments in monitoring data, it is suggested that all departments should form a joint system as soon as possible, establish the organizational form and system of data exchange, and form the networking situation of tide gauge stations nationwide, so as to play a greater role in marine disaster prediction.
(three) to strengthen the research of marine disaster prediction technology, improve the ability of marine disaster prediction.
The two-dimensional numerical model used for storm surge forecast assumes that the coast is a fixed solid boundary, so it can not predict the extent of strong storm surge invading the land. In order to improve the ability of disaster prevention and mitigation, it is necessary to speed up the study of storm surge floodplain model. At the same time, the occurrence and development of short-term storms and huge waves caused by sudden cyclones entering the sea are monitored and studied. In addition, it is necessary to study the long-term forecasting technology for the sea ice disaster that seriously threatens the oil development in Bohai Sea in winter, so as to predict the sea ice situation in advance and make contributions to reducing the losses caused by the disaster.
(4) Strengthening the prevention and control of coastal erosion in key development zones.
With the frequent occurrence of storm surge disasters, the coastal areas of some key economic development zones have been seriously eroded by seawater, and there is an increasing trend, such as Yangjiaogou area in Shandong Province, northern Jiangsu Province, Shanghai, Tanggu and Tianjin. We must attach great importance to coastal protection in these areas.