Hospital laboratory sheets are always a headache. Rows of English abbreviations and numbers look like gobbledygook to ordinary people. Here we will tell you how to interpret the routine blood test sheet, so that you can see it clearly and know it clearly next time. (The specific values are for reference only)
Introduction of blood routine.
Blood routine includes hemoglobin determination, red blood cell count, white blood cell count and white blood cell classification count.
A. Hemoglobin (Hb): normal male 120 ~ 160g/L, female10 ~150g/L, newborn170 ~ 200g/L.
* Increase: polycythemia vera, severe dehydration, cor pulmonale, congenital heart disease, mountain residents, severe burns, shock, etc.
Decrease: anemia, bleeding *
B. Red blood cell (RBC) count: 4-5.5 million /μL for normal males, 3.5-5 million /μL for females and 6-7 million/μ L for newborns;
* Increase: polycythemia vera, severe dehydration, cor pulmonale, congenital heart disease, mountain residents, severe burns, shock, etc.
Decrease: anemia, bleeding *
C white blood cell (WBC) count: 4000 ~ 10000/μ l for normal adults, 0/5000 ~ 20000/μ l for newborns, and 0/000 ~1for infants aged 6 months to 2 years.
* Elevated: various cell infections, inflammation and severe burns. Leukemia must be ruled out if it rises significantly.
Decrease: bone marrow suppression, malaria, typhoid fever, viral infection and paratyphoid fever caused by leukopenia, hypersplenism, hematopoietic dysfunction, radiation, drugs and chemical toxins.
* Leukocytosis is common in inflammatory infection, bleeding, poisoning, leukemia, etc. Can reduce influenza, measles and other viral infectious diseases, severe septicemia, drugs or radiation, some blood diseases. *
D. White blood cell classification count (DC, in proportion): White blood cells are divided into 5 categories.
One is neutrophil (Gran), which is normally 0.50 ~ 0.70, and the reason for the increase or decrease is the same as the white blood cell count;
* Increase: bacterial infection, inflammation;
Decrease: virus infection *
The second is lymphocyte (Lym), which is normally 0.20 ~ 0.40, and is common in neutropenia, tuberculosis and whooping cough. Its reduction is common in neutropenia;
* Increase: whooping cough, infectious mononucleosis, viral infection, acute infectious lymphocytosis, lymphoblastic leukemia;
Decrease: Immunodeficiency *
Third, eosinophils, normally 0.005 ~ 0.05, are more common in parasitic diseases, allergic diseases and some skin diseases;
* Increase: chronic myeloid leukemia and chronic hemolytic anemia. *
Fourthly, basophils, whose normal value is 0 ~ 0.0 1, have little clinical significance;
Fifth, monocytes, normally 0.03 ~ 0.08, are found when they increase during the recovery period of acute infectious diseases.
* Increase: tuberculosis, typhoid fever, malaria and monocytic leukemia. *
E. Platelets: Normal: (100-300)%
* Elevated: primary thrombocytosis, polycythemia vera, chronic leukemia, myelofibrosis, symptomatic thrombocytosis, infection, inflammation, malignant tumor, iron deficiency anemia, trauma, surgery, hemorrhage, splenic vein thrombosis after splenectomy, and after exercise.
Decrease: primary thrombocytopenic purpura, disseminated lupus erythematosus, drug allergic thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, increased platelet destruction, thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia, bone marrow hematopoietic dysfunction, drug-induced bone marrow suppression, hypersplenism. *
F. erythrocyte sedimentation rate:
The Vestergren method is 0- 1.5 mm/h for males and 0-20 mm/h for females;
Iahinhkob method is 0-8 mm/h for males and 0- 12 mm/h for females.
Acceleration: acute inflammation, connective tissue disease, severe anemia, malignant tumor, tuberculosis.
Slow down: polycythemia, dehydration
G reticulocyte count: normal: (00.5- 1.5)%
* Increase: Hemolytic anemia, massive hemorrhage, iron deficiency anemia and pernicious anemia occurred when vitamin B 12 was used.
Decrease: low hematopoietic function of bone marrow, aplastic anemia and leukemia. *
2. Children's blood routine
The most common disease of babies may even be a cold. If it is not treated in time, it will start to burn. Take the baby to the hospital at this time, and the doctor will ask for a blood test. Why do you need a blood test? Because when people are sick, the number of various cells in the blood will change. Such as anemia, the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin content will change; When inflammation occurs in the body, the number of white blood cells will increase.
What are the main indicators?
There are often a long list of laboratory tests on the blood routine test list, but some of them are more professional and we don't need to delve into them. Looking at the blood routine test list, we need to focus on three aspects:
Red blood cell count and hemoglobin determination (HGB)
The first item in the routine blood test list is the examination of red blood cell count. As we know, the main function of red blood cells is to deliver oxygen to all tissues and organs of the whole body, and to excrete carbon dioxide produced in the body, and to accomplish this main function mainly depends on a kind of protein in red blood cells, which is hemoglobin (Hb).
Generally speaking, the ratio between the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin content is relatively fixed. However, in the case of anemia, the ratio between them will change. For example, in the case of hypochromic anemia, the hemoglobin content will decrease obviously, and the ratio of red blood cells to hemoglobin will increase. Therefore, when looking at the test sheet, we should first pay attention to the values of these two items.
White blood cell count (WBC) and white blood cell classification count (DC)
White blood cells in blood include neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils and lymphocytes. The white blood cell count (WBC) in the laboratory sheet refers to the determination of the total number of white blood cells in the blood, and the classified count refers to the percentage of various white blood cells. Due to the different physiological functions of various white blood cells, the number of different types of white blood cells will change under different pathological conditions. Generally speaking, we only need to know the count of white blood cells and the classification of neutrophils (N) and lymphocytes (L), because in our daily life, doctors judge whether there is infection in the body according to the number of white blood cells, and then judge what kind of infection and what kind of drugs should be used according to the classification of white blood cells. Generally speaking, if neutrophils increase, it is a bacterial infection and lymphocytes increase, it is a virus infection.
platelet count
As we all know, the main function of platelets is coagulation. Without it, our lives may be in danger because of a small wound. Generally speaking, the count of platelets is the third key point that we should pay attention to when observing the test sheet. If platelets decrease, the baby may have blood coagulation problems.
Average normal value (average value) of blood cell components in infants of all ages
Chinese abbreviation 1 day 2 ~ 7 days 2 weeks 3 months 6 months 1 ~ 2 years old 4 ~ 5 years old.
Erythrocyte (×1012/l) RBC 5.7 ~ 6.45.2 ~ 5.7 4.23.9 4.24.34.
Hb determination \ \ (g/l \ \) HGB180 ~195163 ~180150165438+
Leucocyte \ \ (× 109/L \ \) Leucocyte 20151216 5438+08
Neutrophil N% 0.650.400.350.31.360.58
Lymphocyte L%
Platelets \ \ (× 109/L \ \) Platelets150-250150-250 250 250-300 250-300 250-300.
MEOS refers to the microsomal ethanol oxidation system.