Psychology is a discipline that studies behavior and psychological activities. At the end of 19, psychology became an independent discipline, and it was not until the middle of the 20th century that psychology had a relatively unified definition.
The research object of psychology
First, the dynamic dimension
(1) Psychological process refers to the dynamic process of a person's psychological phenomenon. Including cognitive process, emotional process and will process, reflecting the same-sex side of normal individual psychological phenomena.
Cognitive process is cognitive process, which is a psychological process in which individuals receive, encode, store, extract and use cognitive information in practical activities. It mainly includes perception, thinking and memory.
Emotional process is the experience of individual's attitude towards things in practical activities.
The process of will is a psychological process in which individuals consciously determine their own goals, adjust their actions according to the goals, and overcome difficulties to achieve the predetermined goals.
The above three processes are not isolated from each other, but three different aspects that are interrelated and interact with each other, forming an organic and unified psychological process of individuals.
(2) Individual mind is the sum total of relatively stable psychological phenomena formed by a person in social life practice. Including personality tendency, personality characteristics and personality adjustment. , reflecting the individual side of human psychological phenomenon.
Personality tendency is a dynamic system to promote people's activities. It reflects people's tendency and pursuit of the world around them. It mainly includes needs, motives, interests, ideals, beliefs, values and world outlook.
Personality characteristics are essential and stable psychological characteristics that individuals often show. It mainly includes temperament, character and ability.
consciousness
(1). Consciousness refers to the psychological phenomenon that individuals are currently perceiving. For example, when we are engaged in memory activities, we can be aware of the purpose of memory activities, the objects of memory, the memory methods adopted, the memory effects achieved, and even our own memory characteristics and changing memory strategies. Such memory activities are in a state of consciousness. From the perspective of the object of consciousness, it can be divided into:
Object consciousness refers to the individual's consciousness of the surrounding world.
Self-awareness refers to an individual's understanding of himself and the relationship between himself and his surroundings.
In memory psychology, the former is a memory phenomenon and the latter is a matching memory phenomenon.
(2) Unconsciousness refers to a psychological phenomenon that is not perceived by individuals at present. Take memory for example, sometimes we don't remember the purpose of something and don't want to remember it, but we unconsciously remember it, even firmly remember it. Sometimes I don't know where I got it, and I have some memories. In memory psychology, the former is unconscious memory and the latter is implicit memory.
Research field of neo-Confucianism
Developmental psychology: the study of the whole growth and development process of human beings from fetal birth to old age and death.
Learning psychology: exploring how people developed into today's state. Study the process and reasons of human and animal learning.
Personality psychology: Focus includes personality characteristics, motivation and individual differences.
Sensory and perceptual psychology: the study of how humans perceive the world around them, such as how humans recognize faces.
Comparative psychology: the study and comparison of animal behaviors of different species.
Physiological psychology: the study of the relationship between behavior and physiological processes, especially the activities of the nervous system.
Cognitive psychology: mainly studies thinking problems, trying to understand the relationship between psychological processes such as reasoning, problem solving and memory and human behavior.
Gender psychology: study the differences between men and women, and explore the influence of physiological factors, child rearing process, education, social impression and other factors on gender differences.
Social psychology: research involves attitude, persuasion, riots, obedience, leadership behavior, racial discrimination, friendship, marriage and love.
Cultural psychology: the study of the role of culture in human behavior.
Evolutionary psychology: studying the influence of various evolutionary ways on human behavior in the long history. For example, men and women choose their spouses.
Clinical psychology: mainly studies mental health and mental illness.
Preschool child psychology: Preschool child psychology is a science that studies the psychological development law of children from birth to school.
Behavioral psychology: the study of the combination of various physical reactions used by organisms to adapt to environmental changes.
Criminal psychology: the study of prisoners' will, thoughts, intentions and reactions.