The mental health problem of left-behind children is becoming a serious social problem. Lack of affection, family education, school safety and family supervision are the main reasons for the mental health problems of left-behind children, and the joint efforts of the government, families and schools are the main measures to solve the problems.
The group of left-behind children in rural areas is a subsidiary product of the transfer of a large number of rural surplus labor forces to cities in China. Due to the low level of rural economic development, imperfect social security and other objective factors, as well as the long-term lack of parental care and effective education, guidance and management, left-behind children often have psychological discomfort, which leads to psychological malformation and shows different degrees of behavioral anomie and deviance. Left-behind children syndrome? .
There are 23 million left-behind children in China, and their mental health has become a social problem that cannot be ignored. A survey shows that mental health problems are the most common problems of left-behind children, which are hidden, difficult to find but far-reaching. The main performance is as follows:
First, the personality is weak and introverted.
Left-behind children leave their parents at a young age, and their parents are seriously lacking in care. Although some of them are supervised by grandparents or relatives and friends, they are different from their parents. When they encounter some troubles, they will feel powerless and helpless, and over time they will become unwilling to communicate with others and introverted. The survey shows that 2 1. 1% parents of floating population contact their children once a week, and 34. 1% parents contact their children once a month or rarely. Many parents go home for more than half a year, and some even stay home for several years. This long-term separation of parents leads to children's inferiority complex and serious rebellious psychology.
Second, inferiority complex.
Most children have a competitive mentality and a strong sense of pride. Without their parents, they seem to have lost their strong dependence and protection. Therefore, compared with children with their parents, they are prone to psychological barriers of inferiority, and some even give up on themselves, lose confidence and make no progress in their studies. According to the survey, only 15% children can study consciously, and most children need to study under supervision. There are still many children who are addicted to the internet, neglect their studies, and live in society without end of compulsory education.
Third, loneliness and boredom.
Parents' going out makes children feel empty and lonely at home, which in turn leads to psychological turmoil and depression. A girl in grade three wrote in her diary:? Mom, you know what? Since you left with your father and brother, I am so lonely and sad at home alone. I have hardly laughed since you left. I miss the time we spent together. ? This lonely psychology will inevitably lead to spiritual emptiness, and then lead to excessive behavior.
Fourth, blind resistance and rebellious psychology.
Left-behind children always feel that others will bully them for lack of protection, take trivial matters seriously, and are full of vigilance and even hostility when communicating with others. There is a strong rebellious attitude towards the discipline of teachers and temporary guardians. The survey shows that 54% of left-behind children have conflicts with temporary guardians, among which 15% often have conflicts. 53% left-behind children said they felt helpless when they encountered difficulties in their studies. 39% of left-behind children said they had been bullied by their classmates.
5. I hate my parents.
A few children don't understand their parents, think that their families are poor and their parents are incapable, so they go out to work, which leads to resentment. Some children alienate their parents after their parents return to China, resulting in emotional estrangement from their parents, and even resent their ruthlessness.
As for children's psychological problems, the younger they are, the more prominent they are, and girls are more prominent than boys. So what causes the psychological problems of left-behind children?
First, custody? Blind spot? . The survey shows that the family education of left-behind children accounts for 43.5%. Because the age gap between grandparents and grandchildren is generally around 50 years old, and grandparents are mostly illiterate or semi-illiterate, their ideas are far from their grandchildren, so it is difficult to communicate with them. Some of them have to do farm work to make a living and have no time to take care of their children. Some of them are sick and can't take care of their children. Some of them have no energy to take care of their children at the same time and lack scientific family education knowledge. The intergenerational education is obviously insufficient. About 4.7% left-behind children entrust their children to relatives and friends such as aunts, uncles or friends for guardianship. Main features: guardians usually put children's safety first, followed by academic performance and material satisfaction, and pay less attention to children's behavioral habits and psychological and spiritual needs. Usually relatives and friends also have children. Because of unfair treatment, left-behind children often feel that they are? Outsiders? And have an inferiority complex. Some of them go to boarding schools, and older children belong to the type of self-management. According to the survey statistics, this type accounts for about 2.3%. In general, children are about 14 years old, and most of them are junior high school students. Main features: Parents feel that they owe too much to their children for a long time, so they try their best to meet their children's economic and material needs and pay less attention to their other needs. Because these left-behind children are in the initial stage of adolescence, they are easily influenced by the outside world and have many problems. The rest are raised by one parent at home. According to the survey, the single-parent guardianship type accounts for 49.5%. Main features: imperfect care, lack of fatherly love or maternal love, leading to the lack of fatherly love or maternal love education. For example, children whose fathers go out show timidity and lack self-confidence; Children whose mothers go out show carelessness, lack of friendliness, etc. Left-behind children are at the age of care and supervision, and problems will inevitably arise without supervision.
Secondly, does family and school education exist? Misunderstanding? . Parents feel guilty because they can't take care of their children for a long time, and most of them take them? Material (money)+indulgence? The way of compensation, occasionally calling to contact, mostly only asks about the children's learning situation, and pays less attention to the children's moral and legal education, which leads to children's idleness, extravagance and extravagance. Money worship? The idea of equality. According to the survey, some left-behind children are tired of learning, lack initiative and hard-working spirit, do not strive for progress, and generally have poor grades. Due to the particularity of guardians, as long as children don't make big mistakes, guardians generally don't ask about their behavior, so they lack timely and effective restraint and discipline, which leads to some left-behind children's lax discipline, bad moral conduct at school, non-compliance with rules and regulations, lateness, truancy and infatuation? Internet cafe? And so on, even mixed with some people with bad hobbies in society, but the school can do nothing about supervision. At the same time, because most rural schools are influenced by China's traditional education model, they have not seriously carried out students' mental health education. Over time, we have to worry about their future.
Third, does the social environment exist? Minefield? . It is very important to strengthen safety protection for children with poor adaptability to the environment and weak self-control. Because school and family are related in safety education? Vacuum? Schools can't be meticulous, and guardians generally lack the awareness and ability of safety protection, which gives criminals an opportunity, so that left-behind children are injured or injured from time to time. Throughout the country, accidents such as drowning, electric shock and fighting of left-behind children are common, and even vicious cases of being trafficked and violated are often seen in newspapers.
Family relationship has a direct and important influence on children's behavior habits, mental health, personality and intellectual development. Due to the lack of parents, left-behind children often feel anxious, nervous, insecure and have poor interpersonal skills. Separated from their parents for a long time, their characters often become introverted, inferior, pessimistic and withdrawn. The survey shows that guardians are less involved in the mental health problems of left-behind children and pay insufficient attention to them. Left-behind children often can't get rid of their emotions in time when they encounter problems because of their psychological distance from their guardians, which often leads to abnormal psychology such as emotional fragility, self-abandonment, anxiety and autism, lack of self-confidence and pessimism.
The psychological problems of left-behind children can easily lead to their behavior anomie, lead to illegal and criminal behaviors, and affect social security and stability. According to the investigation of the Ministry of Public Security, two? Most? In China, most cases of minors being violated and committing crimes by themselves are in rural areas, and most of them are left-behind children. The survey also shows that 80% of left-behind children in rural areas have mild or severe psychological disorders. A recent survey released by China Institute of Social Studies in Beijing also showed that more than half of parents obviously felt that their children had become silent and withdrawn after staying behind. 30% parents know that their children have made bad friends and often make trouble. According to a survey conducted by Hubei Huazhong Normal University, 90% of teachers believe that there are serious problems in the study and life of left-behind children in rural areas. Parents are not around, it is difficult to find the innocence and liveliness that children of this age should have from their eyes that lack fatherly love. They are generally precocious, but they are always eager for irreplaceable caress from their parents.
Rural children are also future builders of our motherland. If the monitoring of children is in a vacuum or semi-vacuum state, the warmth and education of the family will be lost, and the consequences will be unimaginable. Because left-behind children in rural areas are in their parents, schools and society? Trinity killer. In the education chain? Fault? Therefore, it is easy to produce life loss, academic loss, behavior out of control, moral anomie, psychological imbalance and other phenomena, forming a certain degree of anti-social personality.
We learned from the investigation that a boy, 15 years old, was remarried by his young mother, and his father lived with him and his sister. Forced to make a living, my father went out to work, leaving my sister and monk to be taken care of by my grandmother. The special growth environment made him drop out of school early before he graduated from primary school and began to work in a steamed bread factory. Three fingers of one hand were accidentally broken by the machine. Physical disability made him withdrawn and unwilling to associate with other children. What makes us sad is not only that, but his moral concept is very weak: after leaving the steamed bread factory, he went to a small family factory as a waiter. Once, his grandmother was uneasy to visit him and leaked his name to everyone. He scolded his grandmother angrily? Immortality? There are other unpleasant words. After grandma left, he was still swearing, as if grandma had committed an unforgivable crime Some people around sighed and some laughed. What should we do, how should we feel, what should we do? Who is responsible for his miserable life?
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