Every time we feel that parents are really worried, children are really prone to constipation, but we must first understand what constipation is. At present, the definition of constipation in medicine refers to the reduction of defecation frequency (no more than 2 times a week), painful defecation or rough defecation, which may require forced defecation. Some children may have rectal impaction and full fecal incontinence. If these symptoms appear less than 4 weeks, they are described as acute constipation. If the symptoms last for a long time and cannot be completely explained by another disease, it is classified as chronic functional constipation.
The child hasn't pooped for two days, which is normal on the whole. But the following situations need symptomatic treatment.
1, acute constipation: For children with 1 or above who have difficulty in defecation, defecation is laborious, but there is slight pain, they should improve their diet. It is recommended to eat foods with high fiber content and consume enough liquid.
We recommend lactulose as a laxative for infants and children who have forbearing defecation, pain during defecation, rectal bleeding or anal fissure. It is safe for patients of all ages.
2. Recurrent constipation: For children and children with recurrent constipation, persistent dietary problems or any induced events of these children should be identified and properly handled. Induced events include: repeated defecation pain, fear of using school toilets, laxative supplementation or premature withdrawal of drugs. If it is caused by these factors, as parents, on the one hand, we should continue to optimize the intake of dietary fiber; On the other hand, it is necessary to do a good job in parent education, guide children not to be afraid, and ensure adequate use when taking lactulose.
Constipation is a common problem in childhood. In acute constipation or acute attack, early intervention can prevent some complications, such as anal fissure, constipation, functional fecal incontinence and so on. Parents should pay attention to the baby's long-term defecation problem (according to the previous constipation diagnostic criteria). Pay attention to understand whether the child's constipation is psychological or physiological.
It is not uncommon for a baby to be constipated for a long time and not like squatting in the toilet, which causes confusion among parents. The drier the baby's stool is, the more afraid he is of automatic defecation, which has formed the habit of holding back his stool for a long time, thus making constipation more and more serious. In fact, most babies with long-term constipation are physical or psychological problems, which are related to their eating habits, personality characteristics, family environment and parents' attitudes. Cultivating a baby's good defecation habit is the only way for the baby to grow up. It is a long-term step-by-step process, which requires patience and careful care. Too hasty or improper training, the baby and parents are very painful, and even have anxiety, anxiety, resistance and other reactions. Although some people learned to control defecation very early after training, they began to hold back defecation and wet the bed at the age of four or five, and the training time was longer, so the attitude of parents is the most important.
Defecation should be a natural thing, not a compulsory method. Toilet training is ok, but don't squat for too long. Get up when you have no intention at all, and then squat down when you have intention. If the baby has a bowel movement, but it is difficult to defecate, and the bowel movement is very dry, you can use Kaisailu temporarily in this case, but try not to use it for a long time. For children with severe constipation, lactulose can be taken, which is equivalent to plant cellulose and has no obvious side effects on human body. If long-term use has no obvious effect, it is safer and more reliable to switch to probiotics.
Of course, the well-known methods include eating more vegetables and fruits, especially foods rich in cellulose, which is the safest and most reliable. Foods with high fiber content are: (1) cereals rich in fiber are rice, wheat, corn, wheat bran, coarse grains, popcorn and so on. (2) Beans rich in fiber include soybeans, red beans, mung beans, broad beans and mung beans. (3) Vegetables rich in fiber include celery, leek, spinach, rape, cabbage, potato, radish, tomato, cucumber, etc. (4) Fruits include apples, plows, peaches, apricots, dates, oranges, bananas, hawthorn, bayberry, plums, grapes, watermelons and figs.
The baby's defecation interval within 6 months is prolonged, but it is normal in all aspects, good in spirit, good in appetite and good in sleep, which is likely to be a stomachache. Especially for babies who are exclusively breast-fed, this situation is very common, with a maximum record of 20 days, which generally only occurs in 1-6 months. Breast-fed babies may start to save their stomachs from about 20 days, but normal parents don't have to worry.
Adding complementary food to the baby for 6 months will gradually shorten the interval between defecation and increase the number of defecation; If the baby's defecation time is prolonged+the stool is dry, then the baby is constipated.
You can massage your baby's abdomen clockwise and massage your baby's anus properly, which can cause physiological reflex and promote defecation. If constipation is serious, you can use Kaisailu to relieve constipation under the guidance of a doctor. It is not recommended to use it frequently to avoid dependence, and it will stimulate the baby's anal or rectal mucosa. Be careful when it is not serious! You can also give your baby lactulose to improve constipation. Lactulose is a cellulose preparation, which will not cause any adverse effects on the baby. Parents can safely give it to their babies.
How to solve baby constipation 1, the most fundamental reason of constipation is actually insufficient cellulose intake, so parents should give their baby more opportunities to ingest cellulose. We often say that constipation babies need high-fiber food, but how much fiber do we need every day? What foods are high-fiber foods? In our food, the cellulose content of green leafy vegetables and nuts is relatively high. In addition, it is recommended to eat fruits with skins, among which avocados and prunes have relatively high cellulose content, while apples and pears have relatively high cellulose content.
2. Parents should also pay attention to the proportion of food types. We suggest that the baby's staple food (rice flour) should account for half or more, and the ratio of vegetables to meat and eggs is 3:2. Good eating habits are of great significance to the baby's growth and development and gastrointestinal health.
As mentioned above, the baby is still not getting better. Parents are advised to take their baby to see a doctor in time to eliminate organic diseases such as Hirschsprung's disease, intestinal rotation and congenital intestinal malformation. , may need surgery.
What should children do with long-term constipation? Pediatrician Bi Xiaobo 2020-05-2112: 08: 01
Common causes 1. Dietary factors: Excessive feeding ratio of formula milk, high content of protein in food, milk protein allergy, insufficient drinking water or dehydration will cause dry stool and constipation. Insufficient dietary fiber intake in food is also one of the risk factors for chronic constipation in children.
2. Intestinal dysfunction, irregular life, lack of training in defecation ability, and no conditioned reflex of defecation lead to constipation.
3. The study of abnormal psychological behavior and environmental factors shows that abnormal psychological behavior of children is one of the causes of constipation in children. Autism, obese children, aggression or timidity, disappointment, depression, changes in living environment and excessive intervention by parents can all lead to constipation.
4. Insufficient exercise, less exercise, slow intestinal peristalsis, and easy to form constipation.
5. Calcium and iron. Many parents will attribute all the signs to calcium deficiency and feel uneasy. There's nothing wrong with not filling it in. In fact, the most common side effect of excessive calcium intake is constipation.
6. Intestinal obstruction caused by congenital digestive tract malformation (Hirschsprung's disease, anal atresia, etc.). ), endocrine or metabolic diseases (congenital hypothyroidism, etc. ).
Diagnosis of functional constipation in children (Rome III criteria)
Preconditions for diagnosis of constipation: ① defecation twice a week; (2) having incontinence at least once a week after being able to control defecation; ③ Have a history of stool retention; ④ History of pain or difficulty in defecation; ⑤ There are a lot of feces in rectum; The huge excrement is enough to block the toilet exit.
Newborns and children under 4 years old have at least the above two symptoms, and the diagnosis can be made after 1 month. The accompanying symptoms include irritability, loss of appetite or premature satiety, which can disappear quickly with the discharge of a large amount of feces.
Children and adolescents over 4 years old must meet 2 or more criteria, but not the criteria of irritable bowel syndrome. They must meet the above criteria at least 2 months before diagnosis, and have at least one attack per week 1 time.
Control 1. Education for children and parents The treatment of children's constipation is a long-term process, and the condition may be repeated during the treatment. It is necessary to educate parents and older children about constipation, guide children in time, build up confidence, cooperate with treatment, let children adapt to environmental changes as soon as possible, or develop the habit of defecating regularly before going out.
2. The incidence of psychological and behavioral abnormalities in children with functional constipation treated by psychological and behavioral therapy is much higher than that in normal children. Those with obvious psychological factors need psychologists to make treatment plans and choose appropriate drugs as adjuvant treatment. Most children with mild symptoms should explain patiently, blame less, encourage more, adjust their mentality and encourage toilet training.
3. Dietotherapy Children's reasonable diet should be a balanced diet suitable for their age groups to ensure proper diet and water intake. For children who have not yet added complementary food, the proportion of formula milk should not be too thick or too thin. Studies have shown that fiber foods (whole grains, beans, potatoes, mushrooms, etc. ) can significantly increase the number of stools in children with functional constipation. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure adequate intake of protein, supplement coarse grains, fruits and vegetables, and drink plenty of water to relieve constipation and prevent or alleviate constipation in children.
4. Strengthening physical education school age and increasing exercise for older children can accelerate gastrointestinal peristalsis, promote defecation and improve constipation. If the child can't climb, you can help the baby rub his stomach clockwise every day, do touching and passive exercises, or short-circuit his head and turn over. It also helps gastrointestinal peristalsis. After 1 year-old, you can ensure about 400-600ml of drinking water after exercise.
5. Defecation training is to artificially strengthen children's regular, active and effective defecation behavior, so that they can develop good regular defecation habits, thus achieving the purpose of prevention and treatment.
Improper and untimely dental plaque training will lead to half the effort and even further refusal to defecate. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) emphasizes that parents should avoid forcing their children to undergo defecation training and wait until their children are ready. And if the child has constipation, it is recommended to improve before defecation training.
Children with long-term constipation must not be conditioned by eating fruits: especially cold fruits such as pitaya, watermelon and pear! If the fruit is useful, there will be no long-term problems, right? Eating fruit won't stick for long. Many people will find that if it is difficult to defecate, eating fruit has an effect at first, but it has no effect later. Why? Too many parents have the misconception that cool fruit can solve constipation for their children. Not only can it not be solved well, but it will hurt the child's spleen and stomach step by step.
First of all, we need to know why children are constipated. The normal state of the human body is that food is cooked and ground from the mouth, enters the stomach, small intestine and large intestine, and is discharged through the anus. When food passes through these organs, these organs are playing the role of digestion and absorption. What is useful to the human body is absorbed, and what is useless to the human body is excreted as urine.
Chinese medicine calls the whole digestive and absorption system of human body spleen and stomach, and spleen and stomach are most afraid of being raw, cold, cool, cool and wet. Spleen and stomach are warm. You can think that you have no appetite when you are sick, and you want to drink some warm porridge after you recover. This is the natural expression of your body.
If you want the spleen and stomach to work normally, you need to give it a normal workload. What do you mean? The child's spleen and stomach are still growing and developing, which can be imagined as a pony. Pony's ability is limited. If you arrange too much work for pony for a long time, pony will not only get no exercise and grow slowly, but will be dragged down and its normal work will not be completed.
Eating and defecating are the most basic functions of the human body. If you can't pull it out, you have to consider it. You can't eat it correctly for a long time. The burden of long-term children's spleen and stomach overload. What do you mean? First, if the amount is too much, parents naturally like to see that their children can eat and drink, but long-term excessive consumption will lead to damage to their spleen and stomach, resulting in some digestive disorders, such as constipation and eating only meat. Second, the diet structure is unreasonable. Children eat too much fruit, yogurt, snacks, meat, eggs and milk, and eat less grains and vegetables.
How to solve long-term constipation must first adjust the diet, return to a reasonable feeding structure, explore the amount of food suitable for children, and the diet mix, mainly with whole grains and proper meat, eggs and vegetables.
Secondly, let the child's spleen and stomach warm up. Long-term constipation is mostly related to spleen and stomach deficiency and cold. Whether it is congenital spleen and stomach deficiency or acquired, it is necessary to warm the spleen and stomach. Eating warm and digestible food, massaging your child's stomach and soaking your feet before going to bed at night are all ways to try.
Long-term problems are not caused by one day or two. Parents need to be patient, do what they can in life, relax, give their children good wishes, spend more time with their children and take them out for exercise. If there are suitable Chinese medicine practitioners and massage doctors around, try to seek their help.
Before Ma Bao tries to deal with her baby's constipation, she must know what happened to her baby before she can be regarded as constipation. Many treasure moms think that a baby will be constipated once every few days. In fact, it is not enough to judge whether the baby is constipated only by the number of defecations, but also by the characteristics of defecation and the difficulty of defecation. Mothers should pay attention if the following situations occur:
1, defecation is difficult and laborious.
2, the stool is small and dry, similar to sheep manure, sometimes big and hard.
3, the baby is emotional, painful and crying when defecating.
4, flatulence and lumps.
5. Sometimes there is striped blood on the stool surface, which is the "anal fissure" caused by hard stool.
In the above situation, the mother should think of the baby's constipation, and then find out the causes and treatment methods of constipation.
Baby constipation is generally caused by improper diet, improper food composition, less exercise, slow gastrointestinal peristalsis, intestinal dysfunction and other reasons. Ma Bao should first find the reason and then try to alleviate it.
Aojiao Miao recommends several tips for disaster prevention and reduction for the reference of friends in need:
1 Adjust the baby's eating habits and food ingredients.
After the baby adapts to complementary food for a period of time, mothers should pay attention to adding some coarse grains to the baby. Don't blindly pursue some fine foods such as high protein in your baby's diet. Adding some coarse grains, such as sweet potato, purple potato and yam, will make the baby eat some dietary fiber to prevent and relieve constipation.
Let the baby concentrate on eating when eating, and don't develop the eating habit of playing while eating. Bad eating habits will also affect the baby's gastrointestinal digestion, leading to indigestion, slow gastrointestinal peristalsis and constipation.
Eat fruit to prevent and relieve constipation.
If the baby has constipation, in addition to adjusting the diet, you can also eat fruit to relieve it. Apples, pears, pitaya, bananas and other fruits all have certain alleviating effects. Pitaya, in particular, has a good effect on constipation of my baby. It should be noted that apples have to be eaten raw to have this effect, and cooked bananas also have this effect. Steamed apples or immature bananas have no effect on relieving constipation, but will aggravate constipation. Usually, you should also pay more attention to your baby's intake of some fruit and vegetable fiber to prevent your baby from constipation.
3 Massage to relieve constipation.
The specific operation is: pour the baby's special lotion or baby oil into the palm of your hand, rub it hot, and then apply it to your baby's abdomen. Then, draw a big circle or a small circle clockwise along the navel with your fingertips (gastrointestinal peristalsis goes from right to left, so when the mother faces the baby, she can massage clockwise as much as possible).
4 Take your baby to exercise and prevent constipation through exercise.
Appropriately increase the baby's activity. Baby's activity is large, physical exertion is high, and gastrointestinal peristalsis will increase, thus promoting defecation. At the same time, exercise is also easy to produce hunger, eat well and excrete naturally.
Parents should not leave their baby alone in the cradle or at home for a long time, but hug him more and help him to do some movements such as stretching, rolling and rolling back and forth. Take your baby outdoors for a run and play, increase your baby's activity and accelerate your baby's digestion of food.
There are also many treasure moms who use Caselot or soap bars to relieve their baby's constipation. However, Aojiao Miao personally doesn't like to use this method. Frequent use of kaiselu or soap bars will cause gastrointestinal dysfunction and dependence in babies.
In the face of baby's mild constipation, mother may wish to refer to the tips mentioned above. Of course, if the baby has serious constipation and can't solve it by himself, it's best to see a doctor.
I believe that many parents have been troubled by this problem, that is, children have particularly dry stools, and they cry badly every time they defecate, and they will queue for a long time, sometimes only once every few days. In fact, constipation is not uncommon for children. On the one hand, children's digestive system is underdeveloped, which is easy to cause constipation; On the other hand, some children are picky eaters and don't like vegetables. Some children seldom drink water, and some children don't develop good defecation habits. These bad living habits can also lead to constipation. On the other hand, some diseases are easy to cause constipation, such as colon diseases, developmental defects, anal stenosis and so on.
If constipation occurs, we should start from the following aspects: 1. Adjust your diet. For children under 1 year old, try to breastfeed, because breastfeeding rarely causes constipation. In addition to breastfeeding, you can also add foods that moisten the intestines. We can feed vegetable soup or jujube soup with sugar for less than 3 months and fresh vegetable paste or fruit paste for more than 3 months. Children who increase complementary food can take a small amount of Benofi dietary fiber drinks as a supplement. 2. In addition to diet, children with constipation should drink plenty of water, which can increase intestinal moisture, thus making the stool moist and soft, which is conducive to the discharge of stool. 3. Exercise therapy can also relieve constipation symptoms in children. For example, parents can apply hot compress to the palm of their hands, then gently massage the baby's gastrointestinal reaction area and abdomen with the navel as the center point, and massage clockwise for about 10 times, stopping for 5 minutes in the middle and repeating for 3-4 times, which can promote the baby's gastrointestinal peristalsis and effectively promote the excretion of feces. If the above methods still can't effectively relieve constipation symptoms, you need to take some laxatives. 5. If constipation is caused by some diseases, we should actively treat the primary disease, and only after removing the primary disease can we fundamentally solve the symptoms of constipation.
Constipation in children can not be ignored. If it is not treated effectively for a long time, it will not only affect the appetite of children, but also affect the normal development of the body. So parents should attach great importance to it.
My colleague's children have serious problems. We all advised her to give up milk powder and not always give her children too fine food. I hope I can help you!
For children, the incidence of constipation in children is high, and 90%~ 95% is functional constipation. Functional constipation is that children are afraid of defecation in order to escape the pain caused by defecation, which leads to fecal retention. Many factors can lead to defecation discomfort, such as defecation training, changes in daily life or diet (such as starting kindergarten), stress events (such as major family changes), diseases and so on. Children often inhibit defecation, which leads to stool deposition in colon, water absorption, and stool thickening and hardening. Therefore, constipation is the most common when children around 3 years old enter the park. New children in the park are in a high incidence of constipation, but in the new environment, the key is to suppress defecation caused by the unsuitable defecation environment. Suppressing constipation caused by defecation and incontinence caused by constipation will aggravate children's psychological resistance and self-confidence and cause a vicious circle. Children's self-confidence is relatively fragile. In these cases, we need to actively give some help from the child's psychological aspects. Sometimes we can see children's psychological counselors to alleviate some psychological concerns of children. In addition, parents' understanding and support are the most important. Don't blame the children. Tell them that this is a problem that many children will face. Constipation is not the child's fault. There is also the need to communicate with teachers, so that teachers have more understanding and help. Psychological counseling for children is the most critical part in constipation treatment.
The treatment of chronic constipation in children is a comprehensive treatment. In addition to the above psychological intervention, the most important thing is the basic treatment of constipation, including defecation habit training, reasonable diet, adequate drinking water and increased activity.
Basic treatment: 1. Defecation training: We should respect children's wishes as much as possible and conduct training with children as the center. In the form of encouragement and reward, it is suggested that defecation time is generally 30~60min after meals, and 5~ 10 min each time is more appropriate, or after getting up in the morning, which is mainly based on the physiology of "early postprandial reaction" and "late postprandial reaction" of gastrocolon reflex. If defecation fails during training, don't reprimand and don't let the child reject it. Moreover, in the process of training, retreat is normal and does not mean failure. Accepting this is a very normal and common phenomenon in children's defecation training. There is no need to be anxious, and there is no need to put pressure on children. The important thing is persistence.
2. Diet adjustment: In high-fiber foods, the emphasis is on diversification. In fact, there are many high-fiber foods in life, such as cereals and coarse grains. Insoluble cellulose contained in wheat bran is the best, followed by fruits and vegetables with skins, such as apples, cucumbers and tomatoes, and green vegetables mixed with salads. In addition, prunes and pears are rich in sorbitol and are the most ideal natural "laxatives".
3. Drink more water, which is also very important. To treat constipation, the water consumption needs 100ml/kg. The main influencing factors of dry stool include slow colon passage time and decreased stool water content. Drinking enough water is very important to improve dry stool and relieve constipation symptoms.
4. In terms of sports, children can be arranged to do more physical activities, such as swimming, playing ball games, running, climbing stairs more often at ordinary times, and should exercise more than 1 h every day.
Volumetric laxatives (swelling agents) and osmotic laxatives are the first choice for the treatment of chronic constipation.
The common osmotic laxatives are sorbitol and lactulose. These drugs are not absorbed in the intestine and have high permeability, which can increase the water in the intestinal cavity and stimulate intestinal peristalsis. They can be decomposed and fermented by Escherichia coli to produce various acidic metabolites such as lactic acid, which has osmotic effect, increases water in colon and softens stool.
The common volume laxative (also called filler) is wheat bran, which is not absorbed by human body. After entering the intestine to absorb water, it forms a soft gel, which improves the hardness of feces and is beneficial to defecation. It is effective after taking 1 to several days, and has no systemic effect. The dosage can be adjusted to the minimum for long-term use. Eating a lot of wheat bran can lead to abdominal distension or flatulence, so start small and gradually increase the amount. Polyethylene glycol 4000 (Fusong) is a new type of volumetric laxative.
Lactulose and polyethylene glycol are commonly used laxative drugs, and clinical application shows that they are safe and effective in treating chronic constipation.
I'm a healthy doctor, Dr. Gurley. I wish everyone good health. I'm glad to answer. What should I do if my child is constipated?