Briefly describe the psychological needs and health care measures in early childhood. Children cannot grow up without the care of their families. Improve children's immunity and let them grow up better. Look at the psychological needs and health care measures in early childhood and teach you how to educate your children.
Brief introduction of psychological needs and health care measures in early childhood 1 full of curiosity.
Children with mental health will observe the surrounding environment at will and make active explorations. You can try and explore by watching, listening, smelling, tasting and touching. Sometimes adults feel that they are "hands-on" and "nosy", but they are actually curious about the world. Curiosity will take the initiative to explore, which is a manifestation of mental health. They will be curious about toys and devote themselves to things of interest. When I got to the park, I ran here to swing and there to play on the seesaw. Soon I squatted in the flowers and carefully observed where the caterpillars came from and where they were going.
Be close to people
Mentally healthy children like to get along with others. From infancy, a child with enough security will like to look at people, adults will tease him, talk to him, and he will smile. 3-year-old children prefer to be close to people and play with them. They prefer to be with adults who are willing to accommodate them, such as dad, mom, grandpa, grandma and others who often make them happy. For strangers, children will first observe and pay attention to their performance, whether they have a sense of intimacy, whether they are similar to familiar people, and if they are positive, children will be more accessible. Children of the same age are more willing to play with them because they are similar to themselves. People are group animals, and children's nature is to be close to people. Mentally healthy children don't like loneliness and don't shut themselves in their rooms. Of course, children who like groups will also like reading or playing alone.
Express emotion
Children with mental health will naturally reveal their true feelings and will not suppress their emotions. He will cry when he falls and gets hurt, get angry when he is teased by his playmates, panic when he climbs high, and of course, laugh when he sees something he likes. He showed joy, anger, sadness, joy, joy, disgust, anxiety, doubt and so on without reservation, and wrote everything on his face. That's what we mean when we say the child is innocent. If the child is often expressionless, or just shows a single emotion, it should be a manifestation of mental health. Moreover, the expression of emotions is moderate, and it will not cry for too long, nor will it be over-expressed, which makes people feel difficult to understand.
Empathy with others
Children with mental health will understand other people's feelings, be infected and empathize. He will be happy when he sees others happy. When I was a baby, I would grin when I saw my parents laughing and heard their laughter. 3-year-old children, watching cartoons, will be amused by interesting plots, watching children have fun in the park, and their faces are full of smiles. Do children cry when they see other children crying? Mentally healthy children will. He will feel the sadness of others, be sad, frown and show sympathy. Children are most easily influenced by their parents' emotions. Happy parents will have happy children; Depressed parents will have unhappy children. Parents experience the joys and sorrows of life and show corresponding emotions. At the same time, children will have rich emotional experiences and feel the same way. On the other hand, others are crying, children are laughing, others are laughing, but children are unhappy. The child may have some psychological problems.
Willing to express
Mentally healthy children like to communicate with others, including body language and oral language. He will like to express himself, reaching out his little hand in infancy and wanting to hug; Don't drink milk, just turn your head away and express yourself naturally with body language. Older children prefer to express themselves, see the person they like, hold his hand happily, or reach out for others to hold; When you are unhappy, you will walk away, and when you lose your temper, you will stamp your feet. When you are happy, you will say a lot, say whatever you want, and when you are unhappy, you will not say a word, or even cry.
Confident enough
Children with mental health will believe in their abilities and try to do what they want to do. If he thinks he can climb the steel frame in the park, he will climb it without hesitation. When I see a puppy, I think it is very interesting and I will reach out and touch it. Adults may be surprised and say, "How can this child be so bold?" In fact, this is a sign of children's self-confidence and mental health.
Accept change
Children with mental health are not stubborn and can flexibly adapt to environmental changes. For example, mothers can't send their children to school, but fathers can; If you can't go to the park on rainy days, you can stay at home and play games with your parents. There will be no stubborn and unreasonable habits, such as eating the same food at every meal and taking the same bus home. They feel safe because they enjoy the close relationship with their parents, and they don't need to rely on a fixed environment and unchanging living habits to get a sense of security. Therefore, their lives are flexible and can adapt to various changes flexibly.
Behavior is consistent with age.
A child in early childhood is a growing individual, and a mentally healthy child must be normal in development level, which includes the development of intelligence, language and social adaptability, and even the development of motor coordination ability. A mentally healthy child should behave like a child of the same age. For example, attention is obviously worse than that of children of the same age, control is obviously lower than that of children of the same age, and mental health cannot be considered.
Behavior is consistent with culture.
Man is a social person, and his behavior is influenced and restricted by social and cultural factors, so his behavior should adapt to his social and cultural background. For example, if you often make aggressive behaviors that hurt others, then you must be mentally unhealthy.
Brief introduction of psychological needs and health care measures in early childhood II. Key points of infant health care
1, promoting children's language development and motor ability development.
Pay attention to language communication with children, and children learn language through games, storytelling, singing and other activities; Choose the right toys to promote the development of fine movements, imagination and thinking ability. The development of personality in early childhood is the basis of school-age children's psychological state of self-confidence/dependence, diligence/withdrawal. Language retardation should be treated by experts.
2. Cultivate the ability of self-living.
At the age of 2 ~ 3, the control function of cerebral cortex is well developed, and children can gradually control defecation by themselves. Arrange a regular life, cultivate children's independent living ability and develop good living habits.
3. Regular health check-ups
Have a physical examination every 3 to 6 months to prevent nutritional diseases such as malnutrition and simple obesity; Educate parents to cooperate with doctors to continue to monitor children's growth rate with growth curve. Pay attention to protecting children's privacy, such as checking external genitalia, which requires parents' permission.
4. Prevention of accidents and diseases
Guardians should avoid suffocation caused by inhaling foreign objects, and should not let children go out alone or stay at home. They should pay attention to avoid all kinds of unsafe factors in the environment that lead to burns, falls, drowning and electric shock. 1, 5 ~ 2 years old vaccinated with DTP vaccine; Vaccinate against Japanese encephalitis, meningitis, rubella, mumps, chickenpox, pneumonia and influenza B according to the epidemiology of infectious diseases, health resources, economic level and parents' self-care needs.
5. Reasonable nutrition
Provide rich and balanced nutrients, the variety and texture of food are close to those of adults, and 5 ~ 6 meals a day are suitable for children's growth needs and digestive tract function level. Develop independent eating behavior to prevent forced eating; Avoid eating too much liquid or snacks. Adhere to 1 hour outdoor activities, air bath and sunbathing every day.
6. Oral health care
Parents use fingertip toothbrushes or small toothbrushes to help their children brush their teeth once a night to prevent dental caries; /kloc-After 0/year old, disconnect the bottle to prevent malocclusion and "bottle caries".
7. Disease screening
(1) iron deficiency anemia: Hb screening once a year 1 ~ 2 times. Hb < 1 10 mg/l should be treated.
(2) Vision: Vision screening is conducted once a year, and children's vision can be routinely screened with a "dot vision detector". Abnormal patients were transferred to specialized treatment.
(3) Urinary tract infection and parasitic infection: routine urine and stool examination once a year to exclude urinary tract infection and parasitic infection. If the result is abnormal, find the reason, or seek help from a specialist.
(4) External genitalia: Check whether the boy has vulvar petiole or hydrocele, and refer him to a specialist for diagnosis and treatment.
(5) Hereditary metabolic osteopathy: If the child has progressive skeletal deformities with clinical manifestations similar to vitamin D deficiency rickets, it should be differentiated from skeletal deformities caused by hypophosphatemia, vitamin D deficiency rickets and other reasons through bone X-ray and blood biochemical examination.
Brief introduction of psychological needs and health care measures in early childhood III. Attachment in early childhood.
From one year old to two years old, the baby is in an obvious attachment period. At this stage, the baby's preference for special people becomes stronger. Because of the development of baby's athletic ability, he can approach close people and explore the environment actively. At the same time, they regard their mothers or caregivers as "safe bases" and explore the world around them from this point. When there is a safety need, go back to the caregiver and explore further. At this stage, the baby may have "separation anxiety", feel uneasy when leaving the caregiver, take a cautious attitude towards strangers, and often show resistance, tension and fear when separating from relatives.
After the age of two, the baby's attachment is a partnership with coordinated goals. Babies can better understand their parents' wishes, emotions and opinions, and at the same time, they can adjust their behavior. For example, he can tolerate his parents' neglect or his short separation from his parents. He believes that his parents will come back to him.
Second, the type of attachment.
American psychologist M. Ainsworth pointed out through the experimental study of infant attachment behavior that infant attachment behavior can be divided into three types:
(1) type A (avoidance type): about 20%. This type of baby is easy to get along with strangers, easy to adapt to strange environments, and won't be sad when just separated from his mother. But after a person stays in a strange environment for a period of time, you will feel anxious, but it is easy to get comfort from strangers. When you see your mother again after separation, take an evasive attitude towards your mother.
(2) Type B (safety type): about 70%. When they were first with their mother, this type of baby had a good time. When strangers enter, they will be a little wary, but they will not be upset and continue to play. When they are left behind by strangers, they stop playing and try to find their mother, sometimes even crying. When their mother came back, they seemed to be closer than before. Babies are easily comforted when they are left to strangers again.
(3) Type C (resistant type): about 10%. This kind of babies show high separation anxiety. They felt very uneasy after being separated from their mother. When they reunited with their mother again, they tried to get close to her on the one hand and resisted the comfort from her on the other.
Different attachment types will affect the baby's behavior in other ways. For example, type B babies often have a good relationship with their parents. They often obey the rules and are willing to learn new things. Such babies are more likely to adapt to the new environment. Type C babies are often anxious and resistant to help their parents. When their mother just came back, he might spend all his time alternating between being angry with her and loving her instead of playing with her. Type A babies don't seem to have any special problems, but because of their passivity, parents often lose confidence in them in some ways.