Iodine deficiency in pregnant women's breast milk
Qingdao CDC closely monitors the iodized salt consumption and iodine nutrition status of residents in our city every year. The monitoring data of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in our city in 20 14 years showed that the coverage rate of household iodized salt was 96.6%, the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 94.64%, the median urinary iodine of children aged 8- 10 was 206.5μg/L, and that of pregnant women was166.1μ g. The monitoring data show that the iodine intake of residents in our city is generally appropriate since the new standard iodized salt was consumed. However, the iodine nutrition of pregnant women and lactating mothers is decreasing year by year, and it is at a low appropriate level.
People in coastal areas eat more seafood, why do they eat iodized salt? Experts said that in 2009, the Ministry of Health investigated the dietary iodine intake of residents in coastal areas of Fujian, Shanghai, Zhejiang and Liaoning provinces. The results show that the frequency and consumption of iodine-rich foods such as kelp, laver and marine fish are very low, and the proportion of iodine intake from these foods is correspondingly low. Without considering the cooking loss in coastal areas, 84.2% of the iodine in the diet comes from iodized salt, only 13. 1% comes from various foods (including kelp, laver and marine fish * * * accounts for 2. 1%), and 2.7% comes from drinking water. If you eat non-iodized salt, the iodine intake of more than 97% residents is lower than the recommended intake, and the risk of iodine deficiency among residents is great. Therefore, residents in coastal areas also need to popularize iodized salt to ensure their iodine intake and further reduce the risk of iodine deficiency.
Why is the natural environment short of iodine?
Why is the natural environment short of iodine? For this problem, experts from the Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention said that iodine deficiency in the natural environment refers to iodine deficiency in soil and water. There are three main reasons for iodine deficiency in the natural environment: First, during the Quaternary Ice Age, a large number of mature soils rich in iodine were washed away due to melting glaciers and ice water erosion. However, the iodine content of the new soil formed by rocks is only one quarter of that of the original mature soil, which leads to the lack of environmental iodine in most parts of the world and is also the main reason for the lack of iodine in the natural environment. Second, the flood caused iodine in some areas to be washed away with the soil, which aggravated iodine deficiency. Third, ecological factors. Due to the destruction of vegetation, the surface layer of soil is taken away by wind, sand, rain and rivers, which leads to the bare surface layer of soil, causing leaching and a large loss of iodine, which is more obvious in mountainous areas.
Iodine intake standard
What is the recommended intake of iodine for different populations?
A: 0-3 years old is 50 micrograms per person per day;
4- 10 years old is 90 micrograms per person per day;
1 1- 13 years old is 120 micrograms per person per day;
14 years old is 150 micrograms per person per day;
Pregnant women and lactating women each have 250 micrograms per day.
Does iodine deficiency disorder only occur in rural areas? Are city people short of iodine, too? Experts say that iodine deficiency disorders occur not only in rural areas, but also in cities. 1995 National 10 survey on iodine nutrition of school-age children in big cities showed that the median urinary iodine of children in five cities was lower than 100 μ g/L, and the lowest was only 57.0 μ g/L, which was at the level of iodine deficiency. The goiter rate of children in 7 cities is above 5%.
What measures do people take to supplement iodine? Iodine supplementation measures mainly include iodized salt, iodine preparations and iodine-rich foods. The main measure to prevent iodine deficiency disorders in China is to popularize iodized salt. In addition, iodized oil or iodine tablets can be used as an alternative or auxiliary measure in areas with inconvenient transportation, scattered residence, serious influence of non-iodized salt and poor implementation of iodized salt measures. The main application targets are newly married women of childbearing age, pregnant women, lactating women and infants. This measure should be used under the guidance of a doctor. You can also supplement iodine by eating iodine-rich foods such as kelp, laver and shellfish.
doubt
Iodized salt should be eaten consistently.
Is it necessary to continue to eat iodized salt after eliminating iodine deficiency disorders?
A: At present, although China has achieved the phased goal of eliminating iodine deficiency disorders, the harm of iodine deficiency disorders is caused by iodine deficiency disorders in the natural environment, which cannot be changed. If we don't eat iodized salt, people will suffer from iodine deficiency because of iodine deficiency. To this end, we must insist on eating iodized salt.
How do residents correctly buy and use iodized salt?
A: (1) Iodized salt should be purchased through formal channels. Iodized salt must be packaged, marked with iodized salt, and clearly marked when purchasing. (2) The purchased iodized salt should be properly preserved. Iodized salt should be placed in a cool and dry place to avoid direct sunlight and moisture absorption, and stored away from the stove to avoid the influence of high temperature. Residents can buy iodized salt in small packages, which should not be stored for too long, and they can buy it while eating. (3) In order to prevent the loss of iodine, it is not advisable to put iodized salt in cooking too early, but when the food is almost cooked, so as to avoid using iodized salt frying pan and stewing for a long time, so as to avoid losing the iodine supplement function due to heating failure.
Who should not eat iodized salt?
A: A few patients have hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis and autoimmune thyroid diseases. Do not eat iodized salt or eat less because of treatment needs. Residents living in high iodine areas receive high doses of iodine from food and drinking water every day, and this group of people should not eat iodized salt.