Kindergarten safety and health care knowledge
Popular season and characteristics
Diarrhea or vomiting caused by norovirus infection can occur all year round, mainly affecting school-age children, and the incidence rate is high in cold season, especially from 1 1 month to April of the following year. The detection rate of norovirus in children with diarrhea under 5 years old in China is about 15%, which indicates that norovirus infection is common in children, and children's health should be carefully prevented.
mode of transmission
Norovirus is highly contagious, mainly spread through the intestine, but also through contaminated food, water, articles and so on. , and often cause cluster diseases in kindergartens, schools, hospitals, communities and other places where people are concentrated. Because the virus is very small, and less than 100 viruses can make people sick. Food can be directly contaminated by contaminated hands, vomit or feces, or contaminated by nearby vomit droplets. Although it is difficult for this virus to reproduce outside the human body, once it exists in food or water, it will cause disease.
Norovirus can be found in feces and vomit of infected people, and can be infected by the following ways:
● Eat food contaminated by Norovirus or drink water contaminated by Norovirus.
Direct contact with infected people, such as taking care of sick children, sharing meals with sick children or using the same tableware, can also cause transmission.
● Touch an object or surface contaminated by Norovirus, and then touch your mouth with your hand.
Therefore, parents should protect themselves while taking care of their children!
Latency and main clinical manifestations
The incubation period is mostly 24 ~ 48 hours, the shortest is 12 hours, and the longest is 72 hours. The infected person has a sudden onset, and the main symptoms are nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Vomiting is common in children and diarrhea is common in adults. Diarrhea occurs 4 ~ 8 times in 24 hours, and the feces are watery or watery. Some infected people only have vomiting symptoms, and the symptoms are mild.
The precautions should already be known.
Because norovirus is a disease spread through feces, it can spread rapidly through polluted water, food and articles, so it is very important to develop good personal hygiene habits and do a good job in food and environmental sanitation!
● Pay special attention to personal hygiene habits, such as washing hands frequently, especially before eating, cooking and going to the toilet. Be sure to wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water.
● Children should pay attention to cleaning toys, stationery and daily necessities.
● Open the window for ventilation, do more outdoor activities and try not to go to public places.
● Use a handkerchief or cleaning paper towel when sneezing, and don't wipe it directly by hand.
● Ensure that children sleep, have a good rest and improve their physical resistance.
Warm reminder and early warning
In view of the recent Norovirus infection among many kindergarten children in our city, experts from the Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention reminded teachers and parents:
● Winter and spring are the peak period of norovirus infection, and careful prevention is the first;
● Children should be isolated in time after illness, especially children in kindergartens and schools should not rush to school to avoid cross-infection; There are many infected children in the class, so we should consider suspending classes;
● Hygiene of canteens and drinking water in kindergartens and schools should be strengthened to ensure safety;
● After sick children vomit or diarrhea, teachers and parents should promptly remove and dispose of vomit and feces, and timely clean and disinfect contaminated places and articles.
Finally, teachers and parents should not be too nervous about Norovirus! Because the infection caused by norovirus is usually mild, children can gradually recover and recover by their own immunity without special treatment. However, if you have symptoms such as vomiting, severe diarrhea or persistent fever, you should go to the hospital in time. The most important thing is that teachers and parents should do a good job in prevention, be familiar with health and disease prevention knowledge, and create a clean and safe learning and living environment for children!
Small knowledge of safety and health care in kindergartens
I. Daily health care for children in the park
Cleaning in the morning, picking up and dropping off in the morning, outdoor activities, drinking water, management before and after meals, defecation, children sleeping, noon arrangement, children hygiene, children leaving the park, goods management, children clothing. Important note: the articles used by children are disinfected every day and kept clean at any time; The class teacher gives the children comprehensive care and cultivates the habit of drinking water; When infectious diseases are prevalent and the weather changes, the park clinic will send messages to parents.
Second, how to take care of children at home on weekends
1. Generally, children will not be taken to places with heavy traffic and dirty air on weekends.
2. Develop good personal hygiene habits: get enough sleep, exercise more, wash your hands frequently, especially after touching public goods, wash your hands before touching eyes, nose and mouth, and keep indoor ventilation.
3. When children go out for activities, they must exercise moderately, put on clothes in time and replenish water.
4. Try to synchronize your child's schedule in kindergarten and learn to take care of yourself.
Third, how to give children the right medicine?
1. Don't give it to children? Tonic? : for children, the best? Tonic? It is a normal and scientific daily diet. Have parents ever bought them for their children? Health medicine? 、 ? Tonic? . Such as multivitamin preparations and trace element preparations. ? Tonic? Improper use can cause intolerance in children, such as nosebleeds; Some children take zinc preparations for a long time, leading to iron deficiency anemia; Some children take it? Tonic? Precocious puberty, etc.
2. Dose: insufficient dose will not get a good therapeutic effect, and it is easy to produce drug resistance; Excessive dosage will increase adverse reactions and even poison children.
3. Mode of administration: Oral administration is the best mode of administration. Some parents think that it is not accurate for their children to get well quickly after an injection when they are sick. Injection is not only painful, but also increases the chance of infection. Some oral drugs, such as enteric-coated tablets, should not be crushed before being given to children, so attention should be paid when taking drugs; The syrup should be shaken well before taking it.
4. Don't take medicine by yourself: When the child is sick, some parents don't know what disease the child has, so they take medicine by themselves. This is very dangerous. In addition to causing adverse reactions, it will also cover up the illness and delay treatment.
5. Don't abuse antibiotics: Some parents ask doctors to use antibiotics as soon as they see their children have a fever. Children have a fever, mostly caused by viral infection. This kind of fever is regular, and it will only drop after a while. You can't burn your child with antibiotics. Harmfulness of excessive antibiotics: such as allergic skin rash, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, and more seriously, killing normal flora in the body, destroying the balance of microorganisms in the body and weakening the body's resistance.
Fourth, the scientific care of children after illness.
1. Pay attention to rest and drink plenty of boiled water. ? If children are to be safe, they must be starved and frozen. Pay attention to a light diet and eat seven or eight points full.
2. Increase or decrease clothes in time according to seasonal changes, and don't wear too much without special circumstances.
5. How do kindergartens make adequate recipes?
According to the requirements of Dietary Guidelines for China Residents and the suggestions of China Nutrition Society? Recommended intake table of nutrients in children's daily diet? According to the child's physiological needs for heat energy and various nutrients intake, do a good job in matching meat and vegetables, thickness and color.
Sixth, the cooperation of parents.
1. Don't let children drink cold drinks, milk and soy milk on an empty stomach in the morning.
2. Pay attention to the information sent by the teacher.
3. If you have any questions, you can consult the garden doctor in time.
Common sense of safety and hygiene in winter kindergartens
1. Give children plenty of water.
Winter is cold and dry, so children should drink more hot water. If the child rejects boiled water, you can try to drink some chrysanthemum tea and ebony soup to prevent the child from having nosebleeds and other symptoms. In kindergarten, teachers also take care of children to drink more water. Usually give children more seasonal fruits rich in water, such as grapes, pears and oranges. Various vegetable soups are also an important means to replenish water. Clear soup can dilute the salt of dishes and keep the water balance in children's bodies.
2. Eat less? Angry? food
Is it easy to eat less irritating food? Angry? , such as garlic, ginger, leek, pepper, pepper and so on. Eat less salty food, because too much salt can easily accelerate the loss of water in the body. High-calorie fried foods and some hot fruits, such as litchi, longan and oranges, should also be eaten as little as possible.
Exercise in cold water
Chinese medicine thinks? Cold hurts the spleen? . Even children with good constitution can't eat cold drinks every day. In addition to restricting cold drinks, drinks and yogurt taken out of the refrigerator should be eaten at room temperature after 15 minutes. It is advisable to scrub with cold and warm water in winter to improve children's adaptability to the cold. Warm and cold water scrubbing includes washing hands, washing face, wiping body, showering and swimming. Warm water and cold water should be exercised step by step, using water close to body temperature first, and then gradually lowering the water temperature. Dry with a dry towel after cleaning.
Prevent diarrhea
Autumn is the peak of rotavirus diarrhea, also known as autumn diarrhea, which mainly affects children around 3 years old. Parents must hold on? Entrance permit? Pay attention to food hygiene, don't give children cold food, and boil and disinfect toys and utensils regularly.
5. Vaccinate in time
Vaccinate in time to prevent infectious diseases with high incidence in winter and spring. Generally speaking, it takes at least one month after vaccination to produce antibodies against infectious diseases in children.
6. Maintain environmental sanitation
Do not spit or urinate in kindergartens or public places, and do not throw away wastes such as peels, cigarette butts and scraps of paper; Indoor windows are often opened for ventilation to maintain a hygienic, clean and fresh environment.
7. Don't sit in a cold place:
In winter, the ground temperature is very low, and when children sit on it, a lot of heat will be lost in the body, which is easy to catch a cold. When winter comes, don't take your children outdoors for fear of freezing. Go out to play more when the weather is fine, and take him to the park to bask in the sun as long as it is sunny. On the one hand, it promotes the absorption of calcium, on the other hand, it breathes fresh air outside. In winter, around noon when the sun is calm, you can walk outdoors for about 20 to 30 minutes.
The ground temperature is very low in winter. The climate changes greatly. If a child sits directly on it, the body's heat will be quickly absorbed by the floor, and the child will easily catch a cold. Pay attention to getting more sunshine. In winter, every time they cover the quilt, they need to dry it, so that it can be disinfected and it is not easy to get sick.
8. Arrange meals reasonably and pay attention to nutrition and health care.
In winter, children are easy to lack vitamin D, catch a cold and get angry easily. Children can eat more foods rich in vitamins, especially foods rich in vitamins A and C, to improve their resistance, and high-energy hot foods should also be increased. In addition, we must ensure the amount of water for young children. If you get angry, you can cook porridge with fresh lilies and add some rock sugar, which is delicious and frustrating. You should also drink more sparerib soup, chicken soup, fish soup and other soups to enhance your resistance and prevent colds.
Pay special attention to foods that are not suitable for children in winter. For example:
? Cold food, cold drink;
? Fat and sweets (such as fat, sweets, etc.). );
? Persimmons, chestnuts, apricots, plums, etc.
Suitable food
? Cooked food and hot food;
? Digestible food;
? Apples, pears, oranges, walnuts, peanuts and so on.
9. Don't forget to let the children rub their hands more in winter.
(1) antifreeze
Children's blood circulation is often poor. Once the temperature is below 10℃, fingers, palms, feet, auricles, cheeks and other parts are prone to frostbite. Rubbing hands often can increase local temperature through friction and heat generation; On the other hand, it can also speed up blood circulation and fundamentally prevent frostbite and chilblain.
(2) intelligence
Rubbing hands can not only make fingers more flexible, but also because there are many muscles and joints on the hands, and their movements are controlled by the forebrain, so rubbing hands can consolidate the reflection of the hands and the brain, and the forebrain will become more and more intelligent.
(3) Prevent colds
Rubbing hands often can promote blood circulation and metabolism and prevent colds. Is the thumb root of both hands medically called? Big thenar? It is a useful part of treating respiratory diseases, and it has rich pulse points. Stimulating it can promote blood circulation, dredge meridians and consolidate the face? Triangulation site? And the immunity of pharynx, nose, throat and upper respiratory tract against the attack of cold virus entering China.
(4) Consolidate hands-on ability
Rubbing hands is not only the activity of five fingers, but also involves wrist, shoulder and elbow. This is a complicated and delicate job. It can be said that rubbing hands often develops children's hand function relative to more than 50 muscles of more than 30 joints such as shoulders, arms, wrists, palms and fingers.