Question 2: What are the occupational hazards in the chemical industry? Different products have different hazards, generally waste gas and waste water.
Question 3: What are the occupational hazards? According to the Classification Catalogue of Occupational Hazards in state administration of work safety, occupational hazards are divided into four categories, 14 1. One is productive dust 14; Second, chemical poisons 1 13; Third, there are nine physical factors; Fourth, there are five biological factors. The specific catalogue classification can be downloaded from the website of the State Administration of Work Safety.
Question 4: What are the occupational hazards in your position? (1) Harmful factors produced in the production process 1. Toxic substances caused by chemical factors (1), such as lead, mercury, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and styrene in ethylene production; There are dozens of butadiene, styrene, high aromatic oil, sodium nitrite and dicumyl peroxide in the production of styrene-butadiene rubber. (2) Productive dust, such as petroleum coke dust in the process of petroleum refining, uses aluminum silicate powder as catalyst (dust), etc. In the process of catalyst production, there are metal dust, cement dust and so on. In addition, there are asbestos dust and coal dust. 2. Physical factors (1) Abnormal meteorological conditions such as high temperature, high humidity and low temperature. (2) Abnormal air pressure, such as high air pressure and low air pressure. (3) Noise and vibration. (4) Non-ionizing radiation, such as visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared light, radio frequency, microwave and laser. (5) Ionizing radiation such as X-rays and γ-rays produced by radioisotope instruments. 3. Biological factors, such as Bacillus anthracis attached to fur and mold on bagasse. The petrochemical industry is rare. (II) Harmful factors in the labor process Labor process refers to the labor organization, operation and mode in the production process, as well as the ratio of manual labor to mental labor. The harmful factors in this process are: ① unreasonable labor organization and system, unreasonable work and rest system, etc. ② Mental stress; The degree of automation is high, and instruments replace heavy manual labor and manual operation, which also brings mental stress problems. (3) The labor intensity is too high or the production quotas is improper, such as the arranged homework is not suitable for the physiological conditions of employees. 4 individual systems or organs are too nervous, such as visual strain. ⑤ Being in a bad state for a long time or using unreasonable tools. (3) Harmful factors in the production environment The production environment can be a natural environment or an artificial environment established according to the needs of the production process. Occupational hazards in the production process include: ① factors in the natural environment, such as solar radiation in hot season; (2) the building structure or layout is unreasonable, such as toxic workshop and non-toxic workshop are arranged in one workshop; (3) Environmental pollution caused by unreasonable production technology, such as chlorine leakage in chlorine recovery, refining and liquefaction posts, sometimes causes environmental pollution of about 10~20m ~ 20m. In actual production, occupational hazards often do not exist alone, and the joint existence of multiple occupational hazards will often aggravate the impact on workers' health.
Question 5: Occupational harmful factors mainly include the occupational diseases mentioned in the Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, which refer to the diseases caused by workers in enterprises, institutions and individual economic organizations who are exposed to dust, radioactive substances and other toxic and harmful factors in their occupational activities.
Patients suffering from occupational diseases must be employees of employers such as enterprises, institutions or individual economic organizations. They may not suffer from occupational diseases when exposed to occupational hazards, and work-related diseases may not all be occupational diseases. Occupational diseases have their specific scope, that is, statutory occupational diseases stipulated by the state. All patients with statutory occupational diseases can enjoy the occupational disease treatment prescribed by the state according to law.
Occupational hazards in the workplace can be divided into the following three categories according to their sources:
1. Harmful factors in the production process: such as lead, benzene series, chlorine, mercury and other productive poisons; Productive dust, noise, ionizing radiation and infectious pathogens;
2. Harmful factors in the labor process: such as unreasonable labor organization and system, unreasonable work and rest system, excessive labor intensity or improper production quotas, and mental (psychological) occupational stress of workers; Being in bad posture or posture for a long time, or using unreasonable tools to work, etc.
3. Harmful factors in the production environment: including the role of natural environmental factors, such as high temperature radiation in hot season and poor ventilation caused by closed doors and windows in cold season; Unreasonable plant construction or layout, such as toxic workshop and non-toxic workshop being arranged in one workshop, and unreasonable production technology causing environmental pollution.
Question 6: Occupational hazards in enterprises and their prevention A. According to the classification of occupational hazards in state administration of work safety, occupational hazards are divided into four categories, 14 1. One is productive dust 14; Second, chemical poisons 1 13; Third, there are nine physical factors; Fourth, there are five biological factors.
B. prevention of occupational diseases:
First, seriously study the laws and regulations on occupational disease prevention and control, and know the obligations of enterprises and the rights and interests of employees;
The second is to find out what occupational hazards exist in the unit, what occupational hazards exist, the scope and degree of impact, and what hazards may be caused;
Third, on the basis of the above two points, we will know what to do according to the national standards.
For professionals, it may not be complicated, but if you have no such knowledge at all, it will be more troublesome. It is recommended to find a third-party organization, such as an occupational health evaluation institution and an occupational disease prevention hospital for guidance.
Question 7: Taking medical staff as an example, what are the common cytotoxic drugs for occupational hazards (1)? Its side effects mainly include inhibiting bone marrow, affecting reproductive system and allergic reaction. Drugs are absorbed by evaporation through the skin and respiratory tract. Hurst's research results show that cyclophosphamide can be detected in the urine of oncology nurses, and the drug will disappear after more than 5 days. Nurses' exposure to anticancer drugs before and during pregnancy will affect the growth and development of embryos and fetuses, and increase the risk of pregnancy complications (hyperemesis gravidarum, anemia gravidarum) and adverse pregnancy outcomes (spontaneous abortion, congenital malformation).
(2) Disinfection and sterilization agent. Long-term inhalation of air mixed with high concentration glutaraldehyde or direct contact with glutaraldehyde can easily cause eye burns, headaches, skin allergies, chest tightness and asthma, pharyngolaryngitis and pneumonia, flu-like symptoms, urticaria and brown pigmentation of hands. High concentration of formaldehyde can cause mucosal occupational asthma, acute large-area contact can cause pulmonary edema, and at the same time, it can cause cell mutation, carcinogenesis and teratogenesis, which is also the most common cause of occupational dermatitis.
(3) Anesthesia waste gas. Long-term exposure to a small amount of anesthetic waste gas can cause spontaneous abortion, fetal malformation and fertility decline, and also affect the hearing, memory, comprehension, digital reading ability and operation ability of operating room staff. According to the requirements of the American Occupational Health and Safety Commission, the pollution level and nitrous oxide (N2O) should not exceed 2.5× 10-6 and 25× 10-6 when using various halogenated inhalation anesthetics alone. According to this standard, it is difficult to meet this requirement on average for the prevention of the discharge of anesthetic waste gas in most operating rooms in China.
Question 8: Briefly describe the categories of occupational hazard notification. Occupational hazard notice includes:
Notice of labor contract (hazards, protective facilities/measures, personal protective equipment provided, subsidies)
Occupational hazard notification card
Mandatory signs (such as signs with dust masks)
Occupational hazard bulletin board
Question 9: (Safety Production Manager) Short answer: What are the main types of occupational hazards? Kneel down! I need it right away. A, dust class
Two. Radioactive substances (ionizing radiation)
Third, chemical substances.
Fourth, physical factors.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) biological factors
Six, the risk factors leading to occupational skin diseases
Seven, the risk factors leading to occupational eye disease
Risk factors leading to occupational otorhinolaryngology and oral diseases
Nine. Occupational hazard factors of occupational tumors
X. Other occupational hazards
If you need more detailed information, please refer to the Catalogue of Occupational Hazards.
Question 10: What are the hazards of occupational hazards to human health? Under certain conditions, occupational hazards may have a negative impact on human health, which mainly depends on the intensity or concentration of occupational hazards and the opportunity and degree of exposure to harmful factors (that is, the length of exposure). When the activity of occupational hazard factors is small, the intensity or concentration is less than a certain limit, or the workers have few opportunities and short contact time, it may not affect their health, but when the role of harmful factors exceeds a certain limit, understanding the harm of occupational hazard factors to human health is the key link of occupational disease prevention and control. When the action and time of occupational hazard factors exceed a certain limit, a specific functional or organic pathological state may appear in the body, and corresponding clinical signs may appear, which will affect the work ability. Diagnosed by the occupational disease diagnosis institution, this is an occupational disease. In addition, occupational hazards can also reduce the body's resistance to general diseases, which is manifested by increasing the prevalence of general diseases, or aggravating the disease and prolonging the course of disease. This effect is called nonspecific effect of occupational hazards. Occupational frequently-occurring diseases, also known as work-related diseases, are different from occupational diseases. Occupational factors are one of the important factors in the occurrence and development of the disease, but they are not the only reasons. Arthritis of miners and low back pain of construction workers are common. In addition, many occupational hazards will also adversely affect the reproductive function of workers. Long-term contact will lead to menstrual disorder, premature delivery, abortion, decreased number of men, deformity and decreased quality of sexual life.